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Author: Shree Nath Singh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319451561
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
This book focuses on the microbial degradation of endosulfan, lindane, chlorophenols, organochlorine, aldrin, dieldrin, isoproturon and atrazine, etc. which are commonly used in crop fields to kill the pests. Further, it illustrates the role of degradative enzymes, metabolic pathways of degradation, toxicity of metabolites, and the factors regulating the pesticide degradation. In view of persistence of synthetic pesticides, scientists have discovered suitable microbes, such as bacteria, fungi and algae (naturally occurring or genetically engineered) over the years. After successful trials under laboratory and field conditions, these microbes are being used to degrade chemical pesticides in agriculture. As of now 2.56 billion kg of chemical pesticides is used every year to protect agricultural fields against pest attack. These technologies have been found to be highly effective, eco-friendly and cost-effective without disturbing the agro-ecosystems. As this book contains review articles contributed by various researchers from different countries whose work demonstrates recent advances in microbial degradation of pesticides, it will serve as a ready reckoner and also a valuable quick reference guide for scientists, academicians, cultivators and industrialists alike.
Author: Shree Nath Singh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319451561
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
Get Book
Book Description
This book focuses on the microbial degradation of endosulfan, lindane, chlorophenols, organochlorine, aldrin, dieldrin, isoproturon and atrazine, etc. which are commonly used in crop fields to kill the pests. Further, it illustrates the role of degradative enzymes, metabolic pathways of degradation, toxicity of metabolites, and the factors regulating the pesticide degradation. In view of persistence of synthetic pesticides, scientists have discovered suitable microbes, such as bacteria, fungi and algae (naturally occurring or genetically engineered) over the years. After successful trials under laboratory and field conditions, these microbes are being used to degrade chemical pesticides in agriculture. As of now 2.56 billion kg of chemical pesticides is used every year to protect agricultural fields against pest attack. These technologies have been found to be highly effective, eco-friendly and cost-effective without disturbing the agro-ecosystems. As this book contains review articles contributed by various researchers from different countries whose work demonstrates recent advances in microbial degradation of pesticides, it will serve as a ready reckoner and also a valuable quick reference guide for scientists, academicians, cultivators and industrialists alike.
Author: Shaohua Chen
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA
ISBN: 1649972210
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The extensive use of pesticides, their disposal and consequent presence in various environments are of great concern regarding their ecotoxicological effect on the organisms of different trophic levels. Such widespread use results in an increased concentration of these compounds in water, sediments and soils. Chemical pesticides undergo many different pathways once they enter the environment, including transformation/degradation, sorption-desorption, volatilization, uptake by plants, runoff into surface waters and transport into groundwater. Transformation or degradation is one of the key processes that governs the environmental fate and transport of chemical pesticides, which also comprises different processes including abiotic degradation and biodegradation. During these processes, chemical pesticides are transformed into the degradation products or are completely mineralized to a carbon field. Although abiotic degradation plays a role in many cases, the biodegradation of chemical pesticides by microorganisms is usually the most important and dominant process.
Author: Sazada Siddiqui
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030970000
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 537
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Book Description
This volume offers the latest theory, procedures, techniques and applications pertaining to the bioremediation of pesticides, as well as current case studies. The book is composed of chapters written by global experts and is divided into three topical sections. Section A deals with concepts and mechanisms of pesticides bioremediation; Section B examines latest tools and techniques; Section C offers global case studies of pesticides bioremediation. The novel methods described here are timely, as traditional pesticide usage leads to high wastage via decay, vaporization and seepage. This of course leads to environmental contamination and has necessitated the development and use of novel technologies like bioremediation for minimizing the impact of pesticides on the environment. This volume will be of relevance to academics, researchers and students who are working in the realm of pesticide bioremediation, and will enable policy makers and managerial experts across the globe in drafting policies and strategies for the management and treatment of pesticides.
Author: Arthur Rosenberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : DDT (Insecticide)
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
The toxicity and degradation of pesticides introduced into sanitary sewer facilities has yet to be extensively studied. For this reason, the effect and fate of eight pesticides were investigated using the BOD method with a sewage inoculum. Six of the eight chemicals (Carbaryl, Malathion, Diazinon, Dursban, Dichlorvos, and 2,4,-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) did not retard oxygen consumption by a 0.33% sewage inoculum in a one-week test period at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 micro g/ml of active ingredient. Baygon at 10 and 100 micro g/ml was toxic in the test period. Ficam at 1 and 10 micro g/ml also slowed oxygen consumption during the decomposition of sewage as compared to a control with no pesticide. The BOD method was used to test the biodegradation of the pesticides with each chemical being used as a sole carbon source for an adapted or unadapted inoculum. Carbaryl was readily degraded, and Malathion and Diazinon also appeared to undergo oxidation, although the reaction was incomplete. Dichlorvos, Baygon, and 2,4-D were resistant to breakdown when tested by the BOD method.
Author: Doris F. Paris
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic biology
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
Author: Kashmir Singh
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659680670
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
The widespread uses of synthetic chemicals in agriculture, industry, and military operations have introduced many anthropogenic compounds to the biosphere. The use of organophosphate pesticides has become an integral part of the modern agricultural system. One of the most important environmental concerns with organophosphate pesticides is accumulation of residues in soil, food products and water supplies. Due to international concerns about the repeated use of organophosphate pesticides, there is a great need to develop safe, convenient and economically feasible methods for organophosphate pesticides detoxification. The living organisms of the soil biota and aquatic system affected by organophosphate pesticides include bacteria, fungi, microalgae and invertebrates. Microbial degradation is often the primary process that regulates the aerobic decay of organophosphate pesticides. The main focus of the research described here encompasses basic science to discover pathways and evolutionary implications of aerobic biodegradation of organophosphate pesticide, malathion and nitroaromatic compound TNP.
Author: Fumio Matsumura
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468440888
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
When first developed, chlorinated pesticides such as DDT, dieldrin, and mirex were received with open arms, quickly becoming popular as effective, economic agents against pests. But evidence began to mount that residues of these chemicals remained in the environment, not breaking down, often appearing in plants and animals. By the late seventies many pesticides had achieved a terrible notoriety and were subsequently banned in a number of countries. Of tremendous concern, then, is the persistence of pesticides in the environment. The major thrust of research and development in the area of pesticides has properly been the creation of substances that are both effective and degradable. Yet in order to successfully promote the use of biodegradable pesticides, one must fully understand the mechanism of degradation, and it is to this vital subject that we address ourselves in the present volume. According to the Biodegradation Task Force, Safety of Chemicals Com mittee, Brussels (1978), biodegradation may be defined as the molecular degradation of an organic substance resulting from the complex action of living organisms. A substance is said to be biodegraded to an environmentally acceptable extent when environmentally undesirable properties are lost. Loss of some characteristic function or property of substance by biodegradation may be referred to as biological transformation.
Author: K. M. Gothandam
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030489736
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
This volume is a collection of informative chapters on various subjects. It provides information on the effects of pesticides on avian fauna, the impact of microbial ecosystems to solve environmental problems, a detailed review on issues in membrane distillations process, microbial sensor for detection of pollutants, microbial biosurfactants, biotechnological applications of immobilised microalgae as well as a review on Biochar production. Most importantly, this book contains a critical review on microbial degradation of plastic wastes and highlights the Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Herbicides.
Author: Kenneth D. Racke
Publisher: ACS Symposium
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
This new volume offers comprehensive information on microbial adaptation for pesticide degradation. Among the many topics covered in its 20 chapters are a general description of enhanced biodegradation as it occurs in an agricultural context; the microbial aspects of enhanced biodegradation, including the genetics, biochemistry, and ecology of pesticide-degrading microorganisms; and the potential impact of enhanced degradation on pesticide fate in aquatic systems and groundwater. Practical options for the management of enhanced biodegradation are also examined, both to enable continued agricultural use of susceptible pesticides and also to exploit the degrading capacity of microorganisms for waste disposal and environmental remediation
Author: Rup Lal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Insecticides
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Behandeling van neveneffecten van insekticiden op micro-organismen, met aandacht voor de onderzoekmethoden, insekten en microbiele ecologie, microbiele accumulatie, metabolisme van insekticiden door micro-organismen, enzymen in verband met microbieel metabolisme van insekticiden, genetische manipulatie en biologische detoxificatie van insekticiden, effecten op bodemmicro-organismen en algen, cytologische en biochemische effecten van insekticiden op micro-organismen
