Gains in the Education of Peruvian Women, 1940 to 1980 PDF Download
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Author: Elizabeth M. King
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
What determines girls' educational attainment? School quality (measured by the number of textbooks and teachers) changes in attitudes and better economic opportunities for educated women ; parents (especially mothers') years of schooling and occupations ; and the opportunity cost of sending a girl to school - especially in rural families, or when mothers must hold jobs outside the home.
Author: Elizabeth M. King
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
What determines girls' educational attainment? School quality (measured by the number of textbooks and teachers) changes in attitudes and better economic opportunities for educated women ; parents (especially mothers') years of schooling and occupations ; and the opportunity cost of sending a girl to school - especially in rural families, or when mothers must hold jobs outside the home.
Author: Elizabeth M. King
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
This study examined how education and postschool vocational training affect the type and extent of labor market participation of women in Peru. It also estimated monetary returns to different levels of schooling, to formal general and technical schooling, and to training. The sample, which comprised more than 5,600 women in urban and rural Peru, was drawn from the Peruvian Living Standard Survey. More than 70 percent of these women were in the labor force at the time of the survey, about 35 percent working in paid jobs. The overall level of female labor force participation in Peru is 72 percent, and this percentage is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The majority (60 percent) of paid female workers are self-employed, but these jobs tend to be very low paying. Women holding jobs in the public sector are the best paid. In general, the study found that education and training enhance the contribution of women in the labor market. Although education does not increase the participation of Peruvian women in the labor force (and may in fact decrease it), it alters the occupational distribution of female workers by increasing the proportion of women in paid employment. Among paid employees, education is positively related to hourly earnings; the relationship is nonlinear, with primary education showing higher returns than secondary education. The return to postsecondary education appears low and negative, except for the small fraction of women who have earned a diploma. The poor performance of the Peruvian economy since the early 1970s has influenced this result. (26 references.) (Author/KC)
Author: Elizabeth M. King
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780801858284
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Why do women in most developing countries lag behind men in literacy? Why do women get less schooling than men? This anthology examines the educational decisions that deprive women of an equal education. It assembles the most up-to-date data, organized by region. Each paper links the data with other measures of economic and social development. This approach helps explain the effects different levels of education have on womens' fertility, mortality rates, life expectancy, and income. Also described are the effects of women's education on family welfare. The authors look at family size and women's labor status and earnings. They examine child and maternal health, as well as investments in children's education. Their investigation demonstrates that women with a better education enjoy greater economic growth and provide a more nurturing family life. It suggests that when a country denies women an equal education, the nation's welfare suffers. Current strategies used to improve schooling for girls and women are examined in detail. The authors suggest an ambitious agenda for educating women. It seeks to close the gender gap by the next century. Published for The World Bank by The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Author: Mary Ann Maslak
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113595223X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 213
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Book Description
This book explores the complex structural institutions in society, individual attitudes towards, beliefs about and values of those institutions, and the process by which the relationship between the social structure and individual agency conditions and governs girls' educational participation in Nepal.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821319376
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
This paper analyzes the benefits from female education (who gains and in what ways) and the constraints (direct and opportunity costs, reflecting economics and tradition). It then outlines promising approaches for increasing female education. The demand for female education can be strengthened gradually through economic and sectoral policies that increase the returns. But, this paper focuses on education policies, many of which could be adopted now, to lower the costs, improve the quality, and increase access to education in ways that will allow more girls to attend school. It reports evidence of effectiveness and gives examples, particularly from projects involving the World Bank. Especially in poor countries, projects succeed best when they include a "package approach" to address what are typically multiple and powerful constraints to female education. The paper calls for increased monitoring and testing the cost-effectiveness of the kind of innovative packages now being tried in several developing countries.
Author: Ahmed Galal
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Corporate divestiture
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: Ross Levine
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Capital investments
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Author: Victor Lavy
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Distribucion de alimentos - Africa
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
Food aid compensates for up to half the drop in food production during food crises in Sub-Saharan Africa; imports make up another 30 percent. Both stabilize food consumption and neutralize the effects of random shocks to domestic food production.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Author: Thomas Mayer
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 3960929161
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
Seit uns der Glaube an die göttliche Vorsehung abhandengekommen ist, flüchten wir uns in den Versuch, die Zukunft mit mathematischen Wahrscheinlichkeiten zu vermessen und radikale Unsicherheit in berechenbare und somit versicherbare Risiken zu überführen. Da wir nicht alles privat versichern können, haben wir einen »Versicherungsstaat« errichtet, der den Auftrag hat, unsere Lebensrisiken zu minimieren und uns gegen die Restrisiken abzusichern. Doch dies ist eine Illusion. So sehr wir es uns auch wünschen mögen: Die Zukunft lässt sich nicht vermessen und fundamentale Ungewissheiten lassen sich nicht in kalkulierbare Risiken überführen. Das hat bereits die Große Finanzkrise gezeigt und wird in der Corona-Pandemie eindrucksvoll bestätigt. Dennoch schwingt sich der Staat zum obersten Risikomanager auf. Um die daraus entstehenden Kosten zu stemmen, besteuert der Staat seine Bürger bis zur teilweisen Konfiszierung ihrer Vermögen. Schlussendlich zerstört die Risikogesellschaft – in dem Bemühen, der radikalen Unsicherheit zu entgehen – sich selbst, und der Versicherungsstaat muss Konkurs anmelden. Thomas Mayer, einer der renommiertesten deutschen Wirtschaftsexperten und mehrmaliger Manager-Magazin-Bestsellerautor, zeigt, wie es dazu kam, dass wir den Umgang mit fundamentaler Ungewissheit verlernt haben, und welche tiefgreifenden Konsequenzen dies in Wirtschaft, Finanzen, Politik und Gesellschaft hat. Er bleibt jedoch nicht bei der Analyse des Problems stehen, sondern zeigt auf, wie ein richtiger Umgang mit radikaler Unsicherheit aussehen könnte, und hat konkrete Empfehlungen für den Einzelnen, der unter den Bedingungen einer kurzsichtigen Politik wirtschaftliche Entscheidungen für die Zukunft treffen muss. »Thomas Mayer ist einer der besten Kenner der Marktwirtschaft sowie des Finanz- und Geldsystems, einer, der [...] nicht im Elfenbeinturm der Wissenschaft stecken bleibt.« Frank Schäffler
