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Author: Raghu Ramakrishnan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461522072
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
The premise behind developing powerful declarative database languages is compelling: by enabling users to specify their queries (and their integrity constraints) in a clear, non-operational way, they make the user's task easier, and provide the database system with more opportunities for optimization. Relational database systems offer a striking proof that this premise is indeed valid. The most popular relational query language, SQL, is based upon relational algebra and calculus, i.e., a small fragment of first-order logic, and the ease of writing queries in SQL (in comparison to more navigational languages) has been an important factor in the commercial success of relational databases. It is well-known that SQL has some important limitations, in spite of its success and popUlarity. Notably, the query language is non-recursive, and support for integrity constraints is limited. Indeed, recognizing these problems, the latest standard, SQL-92, provides increased support for integrity constraints, and it is anticipated that the successor to the SQL-92 standard, called SQL3, RECURSIVE UNION operation [1]. Logic database systems have will include a concentrated on these extensions to the relational database paradigm, and some systems (e.g., Bull's DEL prototype) have even incorporated object-oriented features (another extension likely to appear in SQL3).
Author: Raghu Ramakrishnan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461522072
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 299
Get Book
Book Description
The premise behind developing powerful declarative database languages is compelling: by enabling users to specify their queries (and their integrity constraints) in a clear, non-operational way, they make the user's task easier, and provide the database system with more opportunities for optimization. Relational database systems offer a striking proof that this premise is indeed valid. The most popular relational query language, SQL, is based upon relational algebra and calculus, i.e., a small fragment of first-order logic, and the ease of writing queries in SQL (in comparison to more navigational languages) has been an important factor in the commercial success of relational databases. It is well-known that SQL has some important limitations, in spite of its success and popUlarity. Notably, the query language is non-recursive, and support for integrity constraints is limited. Indeed, recognizing these problems, the latest standard, SQL-92, provides increased support for integrity constraints, and it is anticipated that the successor to the SQL-92 standard, called SQL3, RECURSIVE UNION operation [1]. Logic database systems have will include a concentrated on these extensions to the relational database paradigm, and some systems (e.g., Bull's DEL prototype) have even incorporated object-oriented features (another extension likely to appear in SQL3).
Author: Jan Chomicki
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642186904
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
In this era of heterogeneous and distributed data sources, ranging from semistructured documents to knowledge about coordination processes or workflows, logic provides a rich set of tools and techniques with which to address the questions of how to represent, query and reason about complex data. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of research on the application of logic-based methods to information systems, covering highly topical and emerging fields: XML programming and querying, intelligent agents, workflow modeling and verification, data integration, temporal and dynamic information, data mining, authorization, and security. It provides both scientists and graduate students with a wealth of material and references for their own research and education.
Author: Jan Chomicki
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461556430
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
Time is ubiquitous in information systems. Almost every enterprise faces the problem of its data becoming out of date. However, such data is often valu able, so it should be archived and some means to access it should be provided. Also, some data may be inherently historical, e.g., medical, cadastral, or ju dicial records. Temporal databases provide a uniform and systematic way of dealing with historical data. Many languages have been proposed for tem poral databases, among others temporal logic. Temporal logic combines ab stract, formal semantics with the amenability to efficient implementation. This chapter shows how temporal logic can be used in temporal database applica tions. Rather than presenting new results, we report on recent developments and survey the field in a systematic way using a unified formal framework [GHR94; Ch094]. The handbook [GHR94] is a comprehensive reference on mathematical foundations of temporal logic. In this chapter we study how temporal logic is used as a query and integrity constraint language. Consequently, model-theoretic notions, particularly for mula satisfaction, are of primary interest. Axiomatic systems and proof meth ods for temporal logic [GHR94] have found so far relatively few applications in the context of information systems. Moreover, one needs to bear in mind that for the standard linearly-ordered time domains temporal logic is not re cursively axiomatizable [GHR94]' so recursive axiomatizations are by necessity incomplete.
Author: Joachim W. Schmidt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642833977
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 566
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Book Description
In the past, applied artificial intelligence systems were built with particular emphasis on general reasoning methods intended to function efficiently, even when only relatively little domain-specific knowledge was available. In other words, AI technology aimed at the processing of knowledge stored under comparatively general representation schemes. Nowadays, the focus has been redirected to the role played by specific and detailed knowledge, rather than to the reasoning methods themselves. Many new application systems are centered around knowledge bases, i. e. , they are based on large collections offacts, rules, and heuristics that cap ture knowledge about a specific domain of applications. Experience has shown that when used in combination with rich knowledge bases, even simple reasoning methods can be extremely effective in a wide variety of problem domains. Knowledge base construction and management will thus become the key factor in the development of viable knowledge-based ap plications. Knowledge Base Management Systems (KBMSs) are being proposed that provide user-friendly environments for the construction, retrieval, and manipUlation of large shared knowledge bases. In addition to deductive reasoning, KBMSs require operational characteristics such as concurrent access, integrity maintenance, error recovery, security, and perhaps distribution. For the development ofKBMSs, the need to integrate concepts and technologies from different areas, such as Artificial Intel ligence, Databases, and Logic, has been widely recognized. One of the central issues for KBMSs is the framework used for knowledge representation-semantic networks, frames, rules, and logics are proposed by the AI and logic communities.
Author: Sergio Greco
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031018540
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
The use of logic in databases started in the late 1960s. In the early 1970s Codd formalized databases in terms of the relational calculus and the relational algebra. A major influence on the use of logic in databases was the development of the field of logic programming. Logic provides a convenient formalism for studying classical database problems and has the important property of being declarative, that is, it allows one to express what she wants rather than how to get it. For a long time, relational calculus and algebra were considered the relational database languages. However, there are simple operations, such as computing the transitive closure of a graph, which cannot be expressed with these languages. Datalog is a declarative query language for relational databases based on the logic programming paradigm. One of the peculiarities that distinguishes Datalog from query languages like relational algebra and calculus is recursion, which gives Datalog the capability to express queries like computing a graph transitive closure. Recent years have witnessed a revival of interest in Datalog in a variety of emerging application domains such as data integration, information extraction, networking, program analysis, security, cloud computing, ontology reasoning, and many others. The aim of this book is to present the basics of Datalog, some of its extensions, and recent applications to different domains.
Author: Stefano Ceri
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642839525
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
The topic of logic programming and databases. has gained in creasing interest in recent years. Several events have marked the rapid evolution of this field: the selection, by the Japanese Fifth Generation Project, of Prolog and of the relational data model as the basis for the development of new machine archi tectures; the focusing of research in database theory on logic queries and on recursive query processing; and the pragmatic, application-oriented development of expert database systems and of knowledge-base systems. As a result, an enormous amount of work has been produced in the recent literature, coupled with the spontaneous growth of several advanced projects in this area. The goal of this book is to present a systematic overview of a rapidly evolving discipline, which is presently not described with the same approach in other books. We intend to introduce stu dents and researchers to this new discipline; thus we use a plain, tutorial style, and complement the description of algorithms with examples and exercises. We attempt to achieve a balance be tween theoretical foundations and technological issues; thus we present a careful introduction to the new language Datalog, but we also focus on the efficient interfacing of logic programming formalisms (such as Prolog and Datalog) with large databases.
Author: Frederick E. Petry
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461313198
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
This volume presents the results of approximately 15 years of work from researchers around the world on the use of fuzzy set theory to represent imprecision in databases. The maturity of the research in the discipline and the recent developments in commercial/industrial fuzzy databases provided an opportunity to produce this survey. In this introduction we will describe briefly how fuzzy databases fit into the overall design of database systems and then overview the organization of the text. FUZZY DATABASE LANDSCAPE The last five years have been witness to a revolution in the database research community. The dominant data models have changed and the consensus on what constitutes worthwhile research is in flux. Also, at this time, it is possible to gain a perspective on what has been accomplished in the area of fuzzy databases. Therefore, now is an opportune time to take stock of the past and establish a framework. A framework should assist in evaluating future research through a better understanding of the different aspects of imprecision that a database can model [ 1 l.
Author: Gerd Wagner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461557232
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
One of the main uses of computer systems is the management of large amounts of symbolic information representing the state of some application domain, such as information about all the people I communicate with in my personal address database, or relevant parts of the outer space in the knowledge base of a NASA space mission. While database management systems offer only the basic services of information storage and retrieval, more powerful knowledge systems offer, in addition, a number of advanced services such as deductive and abductive reasoning for the purpose of finding explanations and diagnoses, or generating plans. In order to design and understand database and knowledge-based applications it is important to build upon well-established conceptual and mathematical foundations. What are the principles behind database and knowledge systems? What are their major components? Which are the important cases of knowledge systems? What are their limitations? Addressing these questions, and discussing the fundamental issues of information update, knowledge assimilation, integrity maintenance, and inference-based query answering, is the purpose of this book. Foundations of Databases and Knowledge Systems covers both basic and advanced topics. It may be used as the textbook of a course offering a broad introduction to databases and knowledge bases, or it may be used as an additional textbook in a course on databases or Artificial Intelligence. Professionals and researchers interested in learning about new developments will benefit from the encyclopedic character of the book, which provides organized access to many advanced concepts in the theory of databases and knowledge bases.
Author: Robert Colomb
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203212630
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Deductive Databases and their Applications is an introductory text aimed at undergraduate students with some knowledge of database and information systems. The text comes complete with exercises and solutions to encourage students to tackle problems practically as well as theoretically. The author presents the origins of deductive databases in Prologue before proceeding to analyse the main deductive database paradigm - the data-log model. The final chapters are dedicated to closely related topics such as prepositional expert systems, integrity constraint specification and evaluation, and update propagation. Particular attention is paid to CASE tool repositories.
Author: C. J. Date
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 9780201708509
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
"What I think Date has done is nothing less than to lay out the foundational concepts for the next generation of business logic servers based on predicate logic. Such a breakthrough should revolutionize application development in our industry--and take business rules to their fullest expression." --Ronald G. Ross, Principal, Business Rule Solutions, LLC Executive Editor, DataToKnowledge Newsletter The way we build computer applications is about to change dramatically, thanks to a new development technology known as business rules. The key idea behind the technology is that we can build applications declaratively instead of procedurally--that is, we can simply state WHAT needs to be done instead of HOW to do what needs to be done. The advantages are obvious: ease and rapidity of initial development and subsequent maintenance, hardware and software platform independence, overall productivity, business adaptivity, and more. What Not How: The Business Rules Approach to Application Development is a concise and accessible introduction to this new technology. It is written for both managers and technical professionals. The book consists of two parts: Part I presents a broad overview of what business rules are all about; Part II then revisits the ideas in Part I and shows how they fit squarely into the solid tradition of relational technology. Topics covered include: Presentation rules Database and application rules Building on the data model Potential advantages and disadvantages A new look at relational fundamentals Business rules and the relational model Overall, the book provides a good grounding in an important new technology, one poised to transform the way we do business in the IT world. 0201708507B04062001
