Author: Diana Kapiszewski
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781108895835
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"This book examines movement toward greater inclusion across Latin America over the last three decades, which its authors refer to as an "inclusionary turn". It introduces three dimensions of inclusion: official recognition of historically excluded groups; access to policymaking; and resource distribution, and considers to what degree, how, and why, each has been enhanced since the 1990s. The volume's chapters, many based on original empirical research, explore how factors such as the role of partisanship and electoral clientelism, constitutional design, state capacity, social protest, populism, commodity rents, international diffusion, and historical legacies encouraged or inhibited inclusionary reform. Contributors also analyze the promise and pitfalls of participatory institutions, the expansion of social policy to previously excluded groups, the entry of evangelical Christians into politics, "rentier populism," and the impact of populism on ethnic identities. Overall, the book seeks to establish a new research agenda focused on how inclusionary reforms intersect and interact, and what their introduction means for citizenship in democratic Latin America"--
Author: Diana Kapiszewski
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110890159X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 587
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Book Description
Latin American states took dramatic steps toward greater inclusion during the late twentieth and early twenty-first Centuries. Bringing together an accomplished group of scholars, this volume examines this shift by introducing three dimensions of inclusion: official recognition of historically excluded groups, access to policymaking, and resource redistribution. Tracing the movement along these dimensions since the 1990s, the editors argue that the endurance of democratic politics, combined with longstanding social inequalities, create the impetus for inclusionary reforms. Diverse chapters explore how factors such as the role of partisanship and electoral clientelism, constitutional design, state capacity, social protest, populism, commodity rents, international diffusion, and historical legacies encouraged or inhibited inclusionary reform during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Featuring original empirical evidence and a strong theoretical framework, the book considers cross-national variation, delves into the surprising paradoxes of inclusion, and identifies the obstacles hindering further fundamental change.
Author: Ana Margheritis
Publisher: University of Miami, North/South Center Press
ISBN:
Category : Democratization
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Analyzes the economic, political, and social dimensions of changes in Latin America toward more open economies and more democratic governance.
Author: Carew Boulding
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019754214X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
"How do poor people in Latin America participate in politics? What explains the variation in the patterns of voting, protesting, and contacting government for the region's poorest citizens? Why are participation gaps larger in some countries than in others? This book offers the first large scale empirical analysis of political participation in Latin America, focusing on patterns of participation among the poorest citizens in each country, and comparing those patterns to those of individuals with more resources. Far from being politically inert, under certain conditions the poorest citizens in Latin America can act and speak for themselves with an intensity that far exceeds their modest socioeconomic resources. We argue that key institutions of democracy, namely civil society, political parties, and competitive elections, have an enormous impact on whether or not poor people turn out to vote, protest, and contact government officials. When voluntary organizations thrive in poor communities and when political parties focus their mobilization efforts on poor individuals, they respond with high levels of political activism. Poor people's activism also benefits from strong parties, robust electoral competition and well-functioning democratic institutions. Where electoral competition is robust and where the power of incumbents is constrained, we see higher levels of participation by poor individuals and more political equality. Precisely because the individual resource constraints that poor people face are daunting obstacles to political activism, our explanation focuses on those features of democratic politics that create opportunities for participation that have the strongest effect on poor people's political behavior"--
Author: Philip Oxhorn
Publisher: Penn State Press
ISBN: 0271056614
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
“South America is not the poorest continent in the world, but it may very well be the most unjust.” This statement by Ricardo Lagos, then president of Chile, at the Summit of the Americas in January 2004 captures nicely the dilemma that faces Latin American countries in the wake of the transition to democracy that swept across the continent in the last two decades of the twentieth century. While political rights are now available to citizens at unprecedented levels, social and economic rights lag far behind, and the fledgling democracies struggle with long legacies of poverty, inequality, and corruption. Key to understanding what is happening in Latin America today is the relationship between the state and civil society. In this ambitious book, Philip Oxhorn sets forth a theory of civil society adequate for explaining current developments in a way that such controversial neoconservative theories as Francis Fukuyama’s liberal triumphalism or Samuel Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” cannot. Inspired by the rich political sociology of an earlier era and the classic work of T. H. Marshall on citizenship, Oxhorn studies the process by which social groups are incorporated, or not, into national socioeconomic and political development through an approach that focuses on the “social construction of citizenship.”
Author: Kenneth F. Johnson
Publisher: Tempe, Ariz. : Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University
ISBN:
Category : Democracy
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Author: Lindsay Mayka
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108470874
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
Explains how and why some national mandates for participatory policymaking develop into powerful institutions for citizen engagement.
Author: Francisco Valdés-Ugalde
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110773678
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
Between 1978 and 2006, most Latin American countries joined the "third wave of democracy". However, as elected governments were set in place all over the region, authoritarian actors often managed to overshadow democratic procedures and preserve their authoritarian enclaves, hindering the transformation of the state and the advancement of citizens’ fundamental rights. This book analyzes the extent to which democratic and authoritarian forces are intertwined in political processes and institutional design and how they affect the inclusion of the citizenry in political decisions. This enables readers to understand how autocratization influences the different dimensions of representative democracy.
Author: Kirk A. Hawkins
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 052176503X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This book examines the populist movement of Hugo Chávez in Venezuela and argues that populism is primarily a response to widespread corruption. It defends a definition of populism as a set of ideas and measures populism across Venezuela and other countries. It also explores the influence of populist ideas on political organization and policy.
Author: Scott Mainwaring
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107433630
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
This book presents a new theory for why political regimes emerge, and why they subsequently survive or break down. It then analyzes the emergence, survival and fall of democracies and dictatorships in Latin America since 1900. Scott Mainwaring and Aníbal Pérez-Liñán argue for a theoretical approach situated between long-term structural and cultural explanations and short-term explanations that look at the decisions of specific leaders. They focus on the political preferences of powerful actors - the degree to which they embrace democracy as an intrinsically desirable end and their policy radicalism - to explain regime outcomes. They also demonstrate that transnational forces and influences are crucial to understand regional waves of democratization. Based on extensive research into the political histories of all twenty Latin American countries, this book offers the first extended analysis of regime emergence, survival and failure for all of Latin America over a long period of time.
