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Author: Christine Sutton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521367035
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Try to imagine a spaceship that could pass right through the Earth without even noticing it was there. And one that could cross the vastness of space at the speed of light, and then penetrate into the very heart of subatomic matter to seek out its fundamental structure. Imagine, then, a particle that is almost nothing that can tell you almost everything about the structure of matter and the evolution of the Universe. Impossible? In fact, all of these descriptions can be applied to the neutrino, a subatomic particle that is so elusive it is almost undetectable. Spaceship Neutrino charts the history of the neutrino, from its beginnings in the 1930s, when it was postulated as a way of explaining an otherwise intractable problem in physics, to its crucial role in modern theories of the Universe. Christine Sutton is well known for her popular science writing. In this book she describes how the detection and measurement of neutrino properties have tested technology to its limits, requiring huge detectors, often located deep in mines, under mountains or even under the sea. As part of the story she explains without the use of mathematics how our understanding of the structure of matter and the forces that hold it together have come from work with neutrinos, and how these insignificant particles hold the key to our understanding of the beginning and the end of the Universe. This fascinating, well-written and highly illustrated book will be enjoyed by anyone with an interest in modern physics or astronomy, from school level right through to the professional scientist.
Author: Christine Sutton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521367035
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278
Get Book
Book Description
Try to imagine a spaceship that could pass right through the Earth without even noticing it was there. And one that could cross the vastness of space at the speed of light, and then penetrate into the very heart of subatomic matter to seek out its fundamental structure. Imagine, then, a particle that is almost nothing that can tell you almost everything about the structure of matter and the evolution of the Universe. Impossible? In fact, all of these descriptions can be applied to the neutrino, a subatomic particle that is so elusive it is almost undetectable. Spaceship Neutrino charts the history of the neutrino, from its beginnings in the 1930s, when it was postulated as a way of explaining an otherwise intractable problem in physics, to its crucial role in modern theories of the Universe. Christine Sutton is well known for her popular science writing. In this book she describes how the detection and measurement of neutrino properties have tested technology to its limits, requiring huge detectors, often located deep in mines, under mountains or even under the sea. As part of the story she explains without the use of mathematics how our understanding of the structure of matter and the forces that hold it together have come from work with neutrinos, and how these insignificant particles hold the key to our understanding of the beginning and the end of the Universe. This fascinating, well-written and highly illustrated book will be enjoyed by anyone with an interest in modern physics or astronomy, from school level right through to the professional scientist.
Author: Leonard A Cole
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811231079
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
A mixture of memoir and biography, Chasing the Ghost: Nobelist Fred Reines and the Neutrino tells a deeply human story that appeals both to scientists and non-scientists. Although the book relates to the important discovery of neutrinos, it is more intimately about Fred Reines than the technical details of neutrino physics. Narrated in a fashion to interest and excite the reader, the science presented here is accessible to a broad audience. Coursing through Reines' life, his various challenges and encounters, the book reveals constants of his persona. Reines displayed a sustained consistency as a respected leader, admired by students and colleagues as a fount of big ideas and ambition. A continuing source of inspiration and motivation to others, his most basic consistency was his passion for science. The quest for knowledge about the wondrous universe is a profoundly human endeavor. Fred Reines' life and his unremitting scientific curiosity are emblematic of that truth.'This book is a most welcome account about Frederick Reines and his great contributions to neutrino physics and astrophysics. The methods he designed in the 1950s to discover neutrinos in nuclear reactor experiments are still being used. His later work included the detection of atmospheric neutrinos which was a forerunner to the discovery of neutrino oscillations, the ability of neutrinos to change from one type to another. This finding was a significant step to other experiments that aim to answer profound questions about the nature of the universe including why it is composed of matter.'Takaaki KajitaNobel Laureate in PhysicsNeutrino Researcher, University of Tokyo 'Cole has provided a compelling personal and scientific account of a remarkable pioneer in Neutrino Physics.'Arthur B McDonaldNobel Laureate in PhysicsDirector of the Sudbury Neutrino ObservatoryProfessor, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada
Author: Ray Jayawardhana
Publisher: Scientific American / Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN: 0374709424
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Winner of the Canadian Science Writers Association 2014 Science in Society Book Award A Publishers Weekly Top 10 Science Book of the Season A Book to Watch Out For, The New Yorker's Page-Turner Blog A Los Angeles Times Gift Guide Selection One of the Best Physics Books of 2013, Cocktail Party Physics Blog, Scientific American Detective thriller meets astrophysics in this adventure into neutrinos and the scientists who pursue them The incredibly small bits of matter we call neutrinos may hold the secret to why antimatter is so rare, how mighty stars explode as supernovae, what the universe was like just seconds after the big bang, and even the inner workings of our own planet. For more than eighty years, adventurous minds from around the world have been chasing these ghostly particles, trillions of which pass through our bodies every second. Extremely elusive and difficult to pin down, neutrinos are not unlike the brilliant and eccentric scientists who doggedly pursue them. In Neutrino Hunters, the renowned astrophysicist and award-winning writer Ray Jayawardhana takes us on a thrilling journey into the shadowy world of neutrinos and the colorful lives of those who seek them. Demystifying particle science along the way, Jayawardhana tells a detective story with cosmic implications—interweaving tales of the sharp-witted theorist Wolfgang Pauli; the troubled genius Ettore Majorana; the harbinger of the atomic age Enrico Fermi; the notorious Cold War defector Bruno Pontecorvo; and the dynamic dream team of Marie and Pierre Curie. Then there are the scientists of today who have caught the neutrino bug, and whose experimental investigations stretch from a working nickel mine in Ontario to a long tunnel through a mountain in central Italy, from a nuclear waste site in New Mexico to a bay on the South China Sea, and from Olympic-size pools deep underground to a gigantic cube of Antarctic ice—called, naturally, IceCube. As Jayawardhana recounts a captivating saga of scientific discovery and celebrates a glorious human quest, he reveals why the next decade of neutrino hunting will redefine how we think about physics, cosmology, and our lives on Earth.
Author: Joseph Grange
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319095730
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
This book presents a major step forward in experimentally understanding the behavior of muon neutrinos and antineutrinos. Apart from providing the world’s first measurement of these interactions in a mostly unexplored energy region, the data presented advances the neutrino community’s preparedness to search for an asymmetry between matter and anti-matter that may very well provide the physical mechanism for the existence of our universe. The details of these measurements are preceded by brief summaries of the history of the neutrino, the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations, and a description of their interactions. Also provided are details of the experimental setup for the measurements and the muon antineutrino cross-section measurement which motivates the need for dedicated in situ background constraints. The world’s first measurement of the neutrino component of an antineutrino beam using a non-magnetized detector, as well as other crucial background constraints, are also presented in the book. By exploiting correlated systematic uncertainties, combined measurements of the muon neutrino and antineutrino cross sections described in the book maximize the precision of the extracted information from both results.
Author: Joel Allen Mousseau
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319448412
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
This thesis details significant improvements in the understanding of the nuclear EMC effect and nuclear shadowing in neutrino physics, and makes substantial comparisons with electron scattering physics. Specifically, it includes the first systematic study of the EMC ratios of carbon, iron and lead to plastic scintillator of neutrinos. The analysis presented provides the best evidence to date that the EMC effect is similar between electrons and neutrinos within the sensitivity of the data. Nuclear shadowing is measured systematically for the first time with neutrinos. In contrast with the data on the EMC effect, the data on nuclear shadowing support the conclusion that nuclear shadowing may be stronger for neutrinos than it is for electrons. This conclusion points to interesting new nuclear physics.
Author: David O. Caldwell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662045974
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
This book, written by leading experts of the field, gives an excellent up-to-date overview of modern neutrino physics and is useful for scientists and graduate students alike. The book starts with a history of neutrinos and then develops from the fundamentals to the direct determination of masses and lifetimes. The role of neutrinos in fundamental astrophysical problems is discussed in detail.
Author: Ereditato Antonio
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813226102
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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Book Description
The neutrino is the most fascinating elementary particle due to its elusive nature and outstanding properties that have attracted the interest of generations of physicists since 1930, when it was first postulated by Wolfgang Pauli as a "desperate remedy" to explain the apparent energy violation in the beta decay. Many fundamental discoveries in particle physics had the neutrino involved in one way or another. To date, neutrino physics is still one of the hottest topics of modern particle physics. Key experiments and significant theoretical developments have contributed in building up what we can call now the Standard Model of Neutrino Physics. The aim of the book is to provide graduate students and young researchers a comprehensive tutorial in modern neutrino physics, specially tailored with emphasis on the educational aspects. It provides an overview of the basics and of recent achievements in the field, from both experimental and theoretical points of view. Contents: Preface A Brief History of Neutrino (A Bettini) Introduction to the Formalism of Neutrino Oscillations (G Fantini, A G Rosso, V Zema and F Vissani) Neutrino Oscillation Detectors and Methods (D Autiero) Solar Neutrinos and Matter Effects (A Y Smirnov) Atmospheric Neutrinos (K Okumura) Probing the Atmospheric Sector with Accelerator Experiments (C Pistillo and C Wilkinson) The Measurement of θ₁₃ with Reactors and Accelerators (F Di Lodovico) Neutrinos from Supernovae and Other Astrophysical Sources (K Scholberg) High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos (F Halzen) Sterile Neutrinos: An Introduction to Experiments (J Conrad and M Shaevitz) Dirac and Majorana Neutrinos, Double Beta Decay (J-L Vuilleumier) Low-Energy Neutrino Interactions (A M Szelc) Theory and Phenomenology of Mass Ordering and CP Violation (P Coloma and S Pascoli) Beyond the Neutrino Standard Model (J D Lykken) Readership: Students and researchers interested in high energy physics and/or astrophysics. Keywords: Neutrino;Neutrino Masses;Neutrino Oscillations;Neutrino Properties;Neutrino Sources;Neutrino Detectors;Massive NeutrinosReview: Key Features: Mix of tutorial and review articles Comprehensive review of the main aspects in one single book The various topical chapters are written by experts in the field
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Author: Stephen Webb
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461421942
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
“New Eyes on the Universe – Twelve Cosmic Mysteries and the Tools We Need to Solve Them” gives an up-to-date broad overview of some of the key issues in modern astronomy and cosmology. It describes the vast amount of observational data that the new generation of observatories and telescopes are currently producing, and how that data might solve some of the outstanding puzzles inherent in our emerging world view. Included are questions such as: What is causing the Universe to blow itself apart? What could be powering the luminous gamma-ray bursters? Where is all the matter in the Universe? Do other Earths exist? Is there intelligent life out there? The renowned author explains clearly, without recourse to mathematics, why each question is puzzling and worthy of research. Included in the study of the wide range of sensitive and powerful instruments used by scientists to try and solve these problems are ones which capture electromagnetic radiation and ‘telescopes’ for cosmic rays, neutrinos, gravitational waves, and dark matter. This book discusses twelve areas of active astronomical research, ranging from the nature of dark energy to the existence or otherwise of extraterrestrial civilizations, and devotes one chapter to each topic. Although astronomers tackle each of these questions using information gleaned from all possible wavelengths and sources (and this is emphasized throughout the book), in this work the author dedicates each chapter to a particular observational method. One chapter covers X-ray telescopes for investigating black holes, while another uses infrared telescopes to learn more about planetary information.
Author: G Fraser
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420050332
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
From the first attempts to split the atom to the discovery of the top quark, the 20th century has witnessed a revolution in basic physics. Probing successively smaller constituents of matter has also revealed the conditions present at the time of the Big Bang. In a series of essays by scientists who have been closely involved in this exciting research, The Particle Century describes the unprecedented advances in our understanding of the universe. The book covers major historical developments as well as current advances, including early accelerator physics, the rise of the Standard Model, new comprehension of the big bang theory, and the cutting edge of today's investigations. These essays add novel insight into the continuing efforts to unravel the deepest secrets of nature.
