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Author: Gregory J. Kirmeyer
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 1583211020
Category : Drinking water
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Reports on a project that identifies pathogen routes of entry into water distribution systems and develops monitoring and control strategies for protecting the system. Contains chapters on pathogens and pathways, existing control strategies, transient surge modeling, pressure monitoring, field monitoring, recommended control strategies, and recommendations to utilities. The project was completed by a multi-disciplinary team of engineers and practitioners with funding from the American Water Works Association Research Foundation and the Environmental Protection Agency. The book is not indexed. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Author: Gregory J. Kirmeyer
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 1583211020
Category : Drinking water
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Reports on a project that identifies pathogen routes of entry into water distribution systems and develops monitoring and control strategies for protecting the system. Contains chapters on pathogens and pathways, existing control strategies, transient surge modeling, pressure monitoring, field monitoring, recommended control strategies, and recommendations to utilities. The project was completed by a multi-disciplinary team of engineers and practitioners with funding from the American Water Works Association Research Foundation and the Environmental Protection Agency. The book is not indexed. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309103061
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Author: Hé́lène Baribeau
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 1583214100
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Assesses the impact of dynamic water quality conditions in the distribution system on the inactivation of microorganisms in bulk water. Addresses questions about the usefulness of maintaining a secondary residual and the target level to be maintained. Bridges research related to distribution system water quality with that of microbial inactivation.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309493854
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
Author: Bartram J.
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241562269
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
This text prepared by an international group of experts addresses the 'heterotrophic plate count' test which is widely used in drinking-water assessment: what it detects (and what it does not detect) its direct and indirect health significance and its use in the safety management of drinking water supplies. It includes the consensus statement from an expert review meeting and takes account of the presentations and posters at an international conference on the theme co-sponsored by WHO and NSF-International. It provides valuable information on the utility and the limitations of HPC data in the management and operation of piped water systems as well as other means of providing drinking water to the public. It is of particular value to piped public water suppliers and bottled water suppliers manufacturers and users of water treatment and transmission equipment and inline treatment devices water engineers sanitary and clinical microbiologists and national and local public health officials and regulators of drinking water quality. ...The book will be of great value to the piped public water suppliers bottled water suppliers manufacturers users of water treatment and transmission equipment and online treatment device makers water supply engineers sanitary engineers clinical and water microbiologists national and local public health officials and regulators of drinking-water quality. - Indian Journal of Medical Research
Author: LeChevallier M.W.
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241562552
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Annotation This publication provides a critical analysis of the literature on removal and inactivation of pathogenic microbes in water to aid the water quality specialist and design engineer in making decisions regarding microbial water quality.
Author: Dick van der Kooij
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780400403
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
Maintaining the microbial quality in distribution systems and connected installations remains a challenge for the water supply companies all over the world, despite many years of research. This book identifies the main concerns and knowledge gaps related to regrowth and stimulates cooperation in future research. Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies provides an overview of the regrowth issue in different countries and the water quality problems related to regrowth. The book assesses the causes of regrowth in drinking water and the prevention of regrowth by water treatment and distribution. Editors: Dirk van der Kooij and Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, KWR Watercycle Research Institute, The Netherlands
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309278139
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Author: Charles N. Haas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118910028
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection riskcause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberateinfections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at everystep of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release ofa pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gatherinformation, on how each microorganism moves through theenvironment, how to determine their survival rates on variousmedia, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure theimpact of interventions and identify the best policies andpractices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinkingwater, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in theindoor environment
Author: J. Clement
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 184339913X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
There are two groups of specialists involved in the development and application of water quality models, each of which have a different perspective on the use of models: Academics and scientists - chemistry specialists and microbiologists who develop the models. Practitioners - modelers and distribution engineers who use them to solve problems. There are limitations and constraints in the characterization of the underlying processes and the practical application of models to distribution networks, which require further research. The objectives of the research were to characterize the current state of predictive distribution system water quality models and to identify critical research needs for their improvement. The project reviewed both the development and application of models. The report is intended to both steer future research and to act as a general reference on water quality modeling. The report combines a literature review with the practical experience of the project team. The content of a draft report was discussed at an international workshop attended by academics, engineers, scientists, and hydraulic modelers with the objective of agreeing on specific research needs necessary to improve predictive modeling for water quality in distribution systems. The conclusions of the report are derived from the workshop and form the basis of 11 specific research briefs that have been submitted to AwwaRF for consideration of funding. Researchers often focus on modeling the individual processes that control water quality rather than fully modeling water quality throughout distribution systems. For these "process models" to be applied to real distribution networks, they need to be extended to take in account the physical characteristics of the system?the special and temporal variations in flow, velocity and water age, and the effects of mixing water that has traveled along different flow paths.
