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Author: Wenceslao J. González
Publisher: Netbiblo
ISBN: 8497455304
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Observation and experimentation are central topics of philosophy and methodology of science. The empirical sciences have commonly been associated to observational and experimental processes, because they have been considered crucial for testing the contents of these. Thus, observation and experimentation have received attention from different angles, and they have been historically relevant in the advancement of science. Their philosophical-methodological analysis includes some key aspects those related to axiological, epistemological and methodological issues. New Methodological Perspectives on Observation and Experimentation in Science deals with a classic topic that is seen from new angles. Its nine chapters seek “non-traditional” aspects, trying to extend the boundaries of this philosophical-methodological theme. They are presented in five sections: 1) A Philosophical-Methodological Context; 2) Experience and Scientific Observations; 3) Empirical Support and Experiments in Science; 4) Changes in the Framework on Observation and Experimentation; and 5) Enlarging the Philosophical Scope: Law and Ecology. Wenceslao J. Gonzalez is Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science (University of A Coruña). He is a Full Member of the International Academy for Philosophy of Sciences (AIPS), Visiting fellow at the Center for Philosophy of Science (University of Pittsburgh) and a Team Leader of the European Science Foundation program entitled “The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective.” He has been named a Distinguished Researcher by the Main National University of San Marcos in Lima (Peru). He has been a visiting researcher at the Universities of St. Andrews, Münster and London (LSE). He has given lectures at the Universities of Pittsburgh, Stanford, Quebec and Helsinki. The conferences in which he has participated include those organized by the Universities of Uppsala, New South Wales, Bologna, Canterbury (NZ), and Beijing. He has edited 26 volumes on philosophy and methodology of science.
Author: Wenceslao J. González
Publisher: Netbiblo
ISBN: 8497455304
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Observation and experimentation are central topics of philosophy and methodology of science. The empirical sciences have commonly been associated to observational and experimental processes, because they have been considered crucial for testing the contents of these. Thus, observation and experimentation have received attention from different angles, and they have been historically relevant in the advancement of science. Their philosophical-methodological analysis includes some key aspects those related to axiological, epistemological and methodological issues. New Methodological Perspectives on Observation and Experimentation in Science deals with a classic topic that is seen from new angles. Its nine chapters seek “non-traditional” aspects, trying to extend the boundaries of this philosophical-methodological theme. They are presented in five sections: 1) A Philosophical-Methodological Context; 2) Experience and Scientific Observations; 3) Empirical Support and Experiments in Science; 4) Changes in the Framework on Observation and Experimentation; and 5) Enlarging the Philosophical Scope: Law and Ecology. Wenceslao J. Gonzalez is Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science (University of A Coruña). He is a Full Member of the International Academy for Philosophy of Sciences (AIPS), Visiting fellow at the Center for Philosophy of Science (University of Pittsburgh) and a Team Leader of the European Science Foundation program entitled “The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective.” He has been named a Distinguished Researcher by the Main National University of San Marcos in Lima (Peru). He has been a visiting researcher at the Universities of St. Andrews, Münster and London (LSE). He has given lectures at the Universities of Pittsburgh, Stanford, Quebec and Helsinki. The conferences in which he has participated include those organized by the Universities of Uppsala, New South Wales, Bologna, Canterbury (NZ), and Beijing. He has edited 26 volumes on philosophy and methodology of science.
Author: Maria Carla Galavotti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306481235
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 357
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Book Description
This volume is a contribution to the ongoing debate on the distinction between a ‘context of justification’ and a ‘context of discovery’. It is meant for researchers and advanced students in philosophy of science, and for natural and social scientists interested in foundational topics. Spanning a wide range of disciplines, it combines the viewpoint of philosophers and scientists and casts a new interdisciplinary perspective on the problem of observation and experimentation.
Author: Ibo van de Poel
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315468239
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
The development and introduction of a new technology to society can be viewed as an experimental process, full of uncertainties, which are only gradually reduced as the technology is employed. Unexpected developments may trigger an experimental process in which society must find new ways to deal with the uncertainties posed. This book explores how the experimental perspective determines what ethical issues new technologies raise and how it helps morally evaluate their introduction. Expert contributors highlight the uncertainties that accompany the process, identify the social and ethical challenges they give rise to, and propose strategies to manage them. Focusing on the introduction of new technologies and experimentation as ways to perceive new developments and changing contexts, a key theme of the book is how to approach the moral issues raised by new technology and understand the role of experimentation in exploring these matters.
Author: Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319088858
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
This book develops a philosophico-methodological analysis of prediction and its role in economics. Prediction plays a key role in economics in various ways. It can be seen as a basic science, as an applied science and in the application of this science. First, it is used by economic theory in order to test the available knowledge. In this regard, prediction has been presented as the scientific test for economics as a science. Second, prediction provides a content regarding the possible future that can be used for prescription in applied economics. Thus, it can be used as a guide for economic policy, i.e., as knowledge concerning the future to be employed for the resolution of specific problems. Third, prediction also has a role in the application of this science in the public arena. This is through the decision-making of the agents — individuals or organizations — in quite different settings, both in the realm of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Within this context, the research is organized in five parts, which discuss relevant aspects of the role of prediction in economics: I) The problem of prediction as a test for a science; II) The general orientation in methodology of science and the problem of prediction as a scientific test; III) The methodological framework of social sciences and economics: Incidence for prediction as a test; IV) Epistemology and methodology of economic prediction: Rationality and empirical approaches and V) Methodological aspects of economic prediction: From description to prescription. Thus, the book is of interest for philosophers and economists as well as policy-makers seeking to ascertain the roots of their performance. The style used lends itself to a wide audience.
Author: Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110576058
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Contemporary philosophy of science analyzes psychology as a science with special features, because this discipline includes some specific philosophical problems – descriptive and normative, structural and dynamic. Some of these are particularly relevant both theoretically (casual explanation) and practically (the configuration of the psychological subject and its relations with psychiatry). Two central aspects in this book are the role of causality, especially conceived as intervention or manipulation, and the characterization of the psychological subject. This requires a clarification of scientific explanations in terms of causality in psychology, because characterizations of causality are quite different in epistemological and ontological terms. One of the most influential views is James Woodward’s approach to causality as intervention, which entails an analysis of its characteristics, new elements and limits. This means taking into account the structural and dynamic aspects included in causal cognition and psychological explanations. Psychology seen as special science also requires us to consider the scientific status of psychology and the psychological subject, which leads to limits of naturalism in psychology.
Author: Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030525007
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
This book highlights the existence of a diversity of methods in science, in general, in groups of sciences (natural, social or the artificial), and in individual sciences. This methodological variety is open to a number of consequences, such as the differences in the research according to levels of reality (micro, meso and macro), which leads to multi-scale modelling and to questioning “fundamental” parts in the sciences, understood as the necessary support for the whole discipline. In addition, this volume acknowledges the need to assess the efficacy of procedures and methods of scientific activity in engendering high quality results in research made; the relevance of contextual factors for methodology of science; the existence of a plurality of stratagems when doing research in empirical sciences (natural, social and of the artificial); and the need for an ethical component while developing scientific methods, because values should have a role in scientific research. The book is of interest to a broad audience of philosophers, academics in various fields, graduate students and research centers interested in methodology of science.
Author: Diana M. Bowman
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315340739
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
The embedding of any new technologies in society is challenging. The evolving state of the scientific art, often-unquantifiable risks and ill-defined developmental trajectories have the potential to hinder innovation and/or the commercial success of a technology. The are, however, a number of tools that can now be utilized by stakeholders to bridge the chasm that exists between the science and innovation dimensions on the one hand, and the societal dimensions on the other. This edited volume will draw together leading researchers from the domains of law, philosophy, political science, public administration and the natural sciences in order to demonstrate how tools such as, for example, constructive technology assessment, regulatory governance and societal scenarios, may be employed by stakeholders to assist in successfully embedding new technologies into society. This volume will focus primarily on the embedding of two emergent and emerging technologies: nanotechnologies and synthetic biology. Government, industry and the epistemic community continue to struggle with how best to balance the promised benefits of an emerging technology with concerns about its potential impacts. There is a growing body of literature that has examined these challenges from various cultural, scientific and jurisdictional dimensions. There is, however, much work that still needs to be done; this includes articulating the successes and failures of attempts to the societal embedding of technologies and their associated products. This edited volume is significant and timely, as unlike other books currently on the market, it shall draw from real work experiences and experiments designed anticipate the societal embedding of emerging technologies. This empirical work shall be supported by robust theoretical underpinnings.
Author: Mr. Nilesh Kumar Upadhyay
Publisher: Academic Guru Publishing House
ISBN: 8119338944
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
RESEARCH IS HELPFUL NOT JUST FOR GENERATING NEW QUESTIONS, BUT ALSO FOR EXPANDING AND REFINING ALREADY CONCEIVED IDEAS. RESEARCHERS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION ENCOUNTER A FORMIDABLE OBSTACLE. CONCERNS HAVE BEEN VOICED ABOUT THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN INDIA AS WELL AS THE GOVERNMENT'S APPROACH TO IMPROVING IT. EXTENSIVE, IN-DEPTH RESEARCH THAT IS INFORMED BY SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES AND CENTRED ON EVIDENCE IS THE ONLY WAY TO RESOLVE THESE QUESTIONS. THE COMPLEXITY AND SCOPE OF THE ISSUES IN EDUCATION MAKE IT DIFFICULT AND TIME-CONSUMING TO CONDUCT THE REQUIRED RESEARCH. THIS BOOK ON EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS COVERS A WIDE RANGE OF ISSUES, INCLUDING SCOPE, REVIEW OF LITERATURE, PROBLEM FORMULATION, THE APPLICABILITY OF THE HYPOTHESES IN ANY KIND OF SAMPLING, STUDY, INSTRUMENTS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, AND NUMEROUS TECHNIQUES TO RESEARCH. RESEARCH IS THE MORE STRUCTURED AND METHODICAL PROCESS OF CONDUCTING SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS TO FIND AND BUILD A SYSTEMATICALLY COMPILED BODY OF KNOWLEDGE. IT'S THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF ANYTHING IN THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO LEARN MORE ABOUT IT AND BETTER UNDERSTAND IT. THE CONTROLLED OBSERVATIONS MAY BE STUDIED AND RECORDED IN AN OBJECTIVE, IMPARTIAL, EMPIRICAL, AND LOGICAL MANNER, WHICH MIGHT LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENERALIZATIONS, PRINCIPLES, OR THEORIES, WHICH COULD THEN LEAD TO THE PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF EVENTS THAT COULD BE THE CONSEQUENCES OR CAUSES OF SPECIFIC OCCURRENCES.
Author: Dr. Ravindra Kumar
Publisher: Academic Guru Publishing House
ISBN: 8119338065
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
Research, in its broadest sense, may be thought of as the process of systematically collecting and analyzing data to gain a deeper understanding of a topic. The research employs methodical approaches to address theoretical and applied concerns. "Studiously inquiring or examining; investigating or experimenting to discover & interpret facts, revise the accepted theories or laws in light of the new facts, or put such new or revised theories or laws into practical application" is how the Oxford English Dictionary defines research. Some individuals see research as a progression, one that moves from the familiar to the unfamiliar. Inquisitiveness is a fundamental human trait since it compels us to wonder and investigate to get a deeper and deeper grasp of the world around us. Curiosity is the seed from which all knowledge grows, and the process by which humans learn about the world is what we call study. The word "research" must be used in a specialized context since it refers to a scholarly endeavour. Therefore, research is the original addition to the body of knowledge that contributes to its development. Science is the methodical investigation of the world via the use of analogy, comparison, and experiment. Research, in a nutshell, is the pursuit of answers to questions via the use of a methodical, objective process. Research also includes the methodical process of drawing broad conclusions and developing a hypothesis.
Author: Wenceslao J. González
Publisher: Netbiblo
ISBN: 8497459334
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
