Modern Technology of Petroleum, Greases, Lubricants & Petro Chemicals (Lubricating Oils, Cutting Oil, Additives, Refining, Bitumen, Waxes with Process and Formulations) 3rd Revised Edition PDF Download
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Author: NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers
Publisher: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
ISBN: 9381039615
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
Lubricants, greases and petrochemicals are most versatile on the Industrial Plateau now a day. The significance of Lubricants, Greases and specialty products in the day to day functioning of nearly every machine part, instrument, appliance & device cannot be over emphasized lubricants reduce friction & wear between rubbing parts, thereby enhancing their life. A lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between moving surfaces. It may also have the function of transporting foreign particles. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity. The broad types of lubricating oils are as under; crankcase oils, gear oils, metal working oils, metal drawing oils, spindle and other textile oils, steam turbine oils. Synthetic lubricants have a higher viscosity index, but are less stable to oxidation. They are suitable for high temperature applications. In the modern industrial year, greases have been increasingly employed to cope with a variety of difficult lubrication problems, particularly those where the liquid lubricant is not feasible. Greases are essentially solid or semi solid lubricants consisting of gelling or thickening agent in a liquid lubricant. Greases and lubricants are one of the important products derived from crude petroleum. Petroleum is formed by hydrocarbons (a hydrocarbon is a compound made up of carbon and hydrogen) with the addition of certain other substances, primarily sulphur. Petroleum in its natural form when first collected is usually named crude oil, and can be clear, green or black and may be either thin like gasoline or thick like tar. The principal product of petroleum refining are motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels, diesel fuels, lubricating oils and fuel oils. Considerable quantities of petroleum wax, bitumen, liquid petroleum gases (LPG), industrial naphtha and coke are also produced. Petrochemicals are chemicals made from petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas. Petroleum and natural gas are made up of hydrocarbon molecules, which are comprised of one or more carbon atoms, to which hydrogen atoms are attached. The Indian lubricants industry claims to be the sixth largest in the world. The petrochemical industry in India has been one of the fastest growing industries in the country. This industry also has immense importance in the growth of economy of the country and the growth and development of manufacturing industry as well. Some of the fundamentals of the book are types of lubricating oils, crankcase oils, gear oils, metal working oils, metal drawing oils, spindle and other textile oils, steam turbine oils, synthetic lubricants, formulations and com pounding of lubricants, additives for straight mineral oil gear lubricants, raw materials for lubricants, equipments for lubricants manufacture, reclamation of used lubricating oil, nature of contaminants in used lubricating oil, gravity methods of purification, metal forming and deforming lubricant, cutting oils, heat treatment oils, greases, sodium soap greases, lithium soap greases, aluminium soap greases, mixed soap greases, complex soap greases etc. The objective of this book is to furnish comprehensive information about nearly all prominent types of lubricants, greases and petrochemicals. This book covers formulae, processes of various petroleum items. This book is an invaluable resource for entrepreneurs, existing units, professionals, institutions etc.
Author: NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers
Publisher: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
ISBN: 9381039615
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
Lubricants, greases and petrochemicals are most versatile on the Industrial Plateau now a day. The significance of Lubricants, Greases and specialty products in the day to day functioning of nearly every machine part, instrument, appliance & device cannot be over emphasized lubricants reduce friction & wear between rubbing parts, thereby enhancing their life. A lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between moving surfaces. It may also have the function of transporting foreign particles. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity. The broad types of lubricating oils are as under; crankcase oils, gear oils, metal working oils, metal drawing oils, spindle and other textile oils, steam turbine oils. Synthetic lubricants have a higher viscosity index, but are less stable to oxidation. They are suitable for high temperature applications. In the modern industrial year, greases have been increasingly employed to cope with a variety of difficult lubrication problems, particularly those where the liquid lubricant is not feasible. Greases are essentially solid or semi solid lubricants consisting of gelling or thickening agent in a liquid lubricant. Greases and lubricants are one of the important products derived from crude petroleum. Petroleum is formed by hydrocarbons (a hydrocarbon is a compound made up of carbon and hydrogen) with the addition of certain other substances, primarily sulphur. Petroleum in its natural form when first collected is usually named crude oil, and can be clear, green or black and may be either thin like gasoline or thick like tar. The principal product of petroleum refining are motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels, diesel fuels, lubricating oils and fuel oils. Considerable quantities of petroleum wax, bitumen, liquid petroleum gases (LPG), industrial naphtha and coke are also produced. Petrochemicals are chemicals made from petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas. Petroleum and natural gas are made up of hydrocarbon molecules, which are comprised of one or more carbon atoms, to which hydrogen atoms are attached. The Indian lubricants industry claims to be the sixth largest in the world. The petrochemical industry in India has been one of the fastest growing industries in the country. This industry also has immense importance in the growth of economy of the country and the growth and development of manufacturing industry as well. Some of the fundamentals of the book are types of lubricating oils, crankcase oils, gear oils, metal working oils, metal drawing oils, spindle and other textile oils, steam turbine oils, synthetic lubricants, formulations and com pounding of lubricants, additives for straight mineral oil gear lubricants, raw materials for lubricants, equipments for lubricants manufacture, reclamation of used lubricating oil, nature of contaminants in used lubricating oil, gravity methods of purification, metal forming and deforming lubricant, cutting oils, heat treatment oils, greases, sodium soap greases, lithium soap greases, aluminium soap greases, mixed soap greases, complex soap greases etc. The objective of this book is to furnish comprehensive information about nearly all prominent types of lubricants, greases and petrochemicals. This book covers formulae, processes of various petroleum items. This book is an invaluable resource for entrepreneurs, existing units, professionals, institutions etc.
Author: NIIR Board
Publisher: ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc.
ISBN: 817833092X
Category : Gums and resins, Synthetic
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Synthetic resin is typically manufactured using a chemical polymerization process. This process then results in the creation of polymers that are more stable and homogeneous than naturally occurring resin. Since they are more stable and are cheaper, various forms of synthetic resin are used in a variety of products such as plastics, paints, varnishes, and textiles. There are various kinds of synthetic resins; acetal resins, amino resins, casein resins, epoxy resins, hydrocarbon resins, polyamide resins, etc. The classic variety is epoxy resin, manufactured through polymerization, used as a thermoset polymer for adhesives and composites. Epoxy resin is two times stronger than concrete, seamless and waterproof. Polyamide resin is another example of synthetic resins. Polyamide resins are products of polymerization of an amino acid or the condensation of a diamine with a dicarboxylic acid. They are used for fibers, bristles, bearings, gears, molded objects, coatings, and adhesives. The term nylon formerly referred specifically to synthetic polyamides as a class. Because of many applications in mechanical engineering, nylons are considered engineering plastics. Resins are valued for their chemical properties and associated uses, such as the production of varnishes, adhesives, lacquers, paints, rubber and pharmaceutical uses. The applications of synthetic resins are seen in some important industries like paint industry, adhesive industry, the printing ink industry, the textile industry, the leather industry, the floor polish, paper, agricultural industry etc. As it can be seen that there is an enormous scope of application of resins hence it is one of the major field to venture. Synthetic Resins are materials with properties similar to natural plant resins. They are viscous liquids capable of hardening permanently. Chemically they are very different from resinous compounds secreted by plants. Synthetic resins are of several classes. The growth of the synthetic resins market can be attributed to the high demand from the packaging sector due to favorable properties, including lightweight and ability to act as an excellent barrier, which allows for their usage in applications such as barrier packaging, shrink wraps, and pharmaceutical packaging. The major contents of the book are properties, manufacturing process, formulae of synthetic resins and applications of synthetic resins, derivatives of resins, use of resins in polymer field, alkyd resin technology, epoxy resins, manufacture of polystyrene based ion-exchange, phenol formaldehyde reactions, polycarbonates resins, polyester coating compositions, synthetic rubbers, modification with synthetic resins, water-soluble polymers, cross-linking of water-soluble coatings etc. This book also contains the list of manufacturers and dealers of raw materials, list of Chemical Plant, Photographs of Machinery with Suppliers Contact Details, Sample Plant Layout and Process Flow Chart. The book will be very useful for new entrepreneurs, manufacturers of synthetic resins who can easily extract the relevant formulation and manufacturing process from the book. TAGS Alkyl and hydroxy alkyl alkylcellulose, Applications of Synthetic Resins, Best small and cottage scale industries, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Emulsion polymers manufacture, Formulation of Synthetic Resins, Formulation of Resins, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to Manufacture Synthetic Resins, How to start a successful synthetic resin business, How to start a synthetic resin production Business, How to start a synthetic resin production?, How to Start Emulsions of Synthetic Resin Business, How to start synthetic resin production Industry in India, Indene-coumarone resins, Manufacturing process of Acrylonitrile Resins, Manufacturing process of Actel Resins, Manufacturing process of Alkyd Resin, Manufacturing process of Amino Resins, Manufacturing process of Casein Resins, Manufacturing process of Epoxy Resins, Manufacturing process of Ion-exchange Resins, Manufacturing process of Phenolic resins, Manufacturing process of Polyamide Resins, Manufacturing process of Polycarbonates Resins, Manufacturing process of Polyesters, Manufacturing process of Polyurethane resins, Manufacturing process of Polyvinyl Acetate Solid Resins, Manufacturing process of Silicone resins, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Synthetic resin Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in synthetic resin production industry, Process of making synthetic resin adhesive, Processing of synthetic resin, Production of a synthetic resin, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale synthetic resin Manufacturing, Project for startups, Resin Types and Production, Rosin & rosin derivatives, Rubber resins Formulation, Setting up and opening your synthetic resin Business, Shellac resins, Small scale Commercial synthetic resin making, Small Scale Synthetic resin manufacturing Projects, Small scale synthetic resin production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Start Up India, Stand up India, Starting a synthetic resin production Business, Start-up Business Plan for synthetic resin production, Startup ideas, Startup Project, Startup Project for synthetic resin production, Startup project plan, Sucrose resins, Synthetic resin Based Profitable Projects, Synthetic resin Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Synthetic Resin Business, Synthetic resin Making Small Business Manufacturing, Synthetic Resin Manufacturing, Synthetic resin manufacturing Industry in India, Synthetic resin manufacturing process, Synthetic resin manufacturing Projects, Synthetic resin method, Synthetic resin production, Synthetic resin production Business, Synthetic Resin Technology with formulation, Synthetic resin uses, Synthetic Resins, Synthetic Resins - Resin Chemical, Synthetic Resins and Polymer Emulsion, Synthetic Resins Technology book, Technological advances in the manufacture of resins, Technology of Synthetic Resins, Terpene resins, Types and applications of synthetic resin, Uses of rosin in the polymer fiel, Water-reducible resins
Author: NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers
Publisher: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
ISBN: 8193733916
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
Petroleum asphalt is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid that is present in most petroleum crude oils and in some natural deposits. Petroleum crude oil is a complex mixture of a great many different hydrocarbons. Refined petroleum products are derived from crude oils through processes such as catalytic cracking and fractional distillation. Refining is a necessary step before oil can be burned as fuel or used to create end products. Residual fuel oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons prepared by blending a residuum component with a flux stock which is a distillate component diluent, to give the desired viscosity of the fuel oil produced.Petroleum refining is the process of separating the many compoundspresent in crude petroleum.An Oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant wherecrude oil is processed and refined into more useful products The global Petroleum Asphalt market is valued at USD 48.8 Billion in 2017 and is expected to reach USD 77.67 Billion by the end of 2024, growing at a Growth Rate of 6.87% between 2017 and 2024.The global bunker fuel market was valued at $137,215.5 million in 2017 and is expected to reach $273,050.4 million by 2025, registering a CAGR of 9.4% from 2018 to 2025. Some of the fundamentals of the book are composition of radiation effects on lubricants, thermal cracking of pure saturatedhydrocarbons, petroleum asphalts, refinery products, refinery feedstocks, blending and compounding, oil refining, residual fuel oils, distillate heating oils, formulations of petroleum, photographs of machinery withsuppliers contact details. A total guide to manufacturing and entrepreneurial success in one of today's most lucrative petroleum industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors of the petroleum industry, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on the commercial production of petroleum products. It serves up a feast of how-to information, from concept to purchasing equipment.
Author: Roy M. Mortier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402086628
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 561
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Book Description
"Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants" describes the chemistry and technology of base oils, additives and applications of liquid lubricants. This Third Edition reflects how the chemistry and technology of lubricants has developed since the First Edition was published in 1992. The acceleration of performance development in the past 35 years has been as significant as in the previous century: Refinery processes have become more precise in defining the physical and chemical properties of higher quality mineral base oils. New and existing additives have improved performance through enhanced understanding of their action. Specification and testing of lubricants has become more focused and rigorous. "Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants" is directed principally at those working in the lubricants industry as well as individuals working within academia seeking a chemist's viewpoint of lubrication. It is also of value to engineers and technologists requiring a more fundamental understanding of the subject.
Author: NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers
Publisher: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
ISBN: 9381039895
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Lubricating oils are specially formulated oils that reduce friction between moving parts and help maintain mechanical parts. Lubricating oil is a thick fatty oil used to make the parts of a machine move smoothly. The lubricants market is growing due to the growing automotive industry, increased consumer awareness and government regulations regarding lubricants. Lubricants are used in vehicles to reduce friction, which leads to a longer lifespan and reduced wear and tear on the vehicles. The growth of lubricants usage in the automotive industry is mainly due to an increasing demand for heavy duty vehicles and light passenger vehicles, and an increase in the average lifespan of the vehicles. As saving conventional resources and cutting emissions and energy have become central environmental matters, the lubricants are progressively attracting more consumer awareness. Greases are made by using oil (typically mineral oil) and mixing it with thickeners (such as lithium-based soaps). They may also contain additional lubricating particles, such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, aka Teflon). White grease is made from inedible hog fat and has a low content of free fatty acids. Yellow grease is made from darker parts of the hog and may include parts used to make white grease. Brown grease contains beef and mutton fats as well as hog fats. Synthetic grease may consist of synthetic oils containing standard soaps or may be a mixture of synthetic thickeners, or bases, in petroleum oils. Silicones are greases in which both the base and the oil are synthetic. Asia-Pacific represents the largest and the fastest growing market, with volume sales projected to grow at a CAGR of 5% over the analysis period. Automotive lubricants represents the largest product market, with engine oils generating a major chunk of the revenues. The market for industrial lubricants is supported by the huge demand for industrial engine oils and growing consumption of process oils. The major content of the book are Food and Technical Grade White Oils and Highly Refined Paraffins, Base Oils from Petroleum, Formulation of Automotive Lubricants, Lubricating Grease, Aviation Lubricants, Formulation and Structure of Lubricating Greases, Marine Lubricants, Industrial Lubricants, Refining of Petroleum, Lubricating Oils, Greases and Solid Lubricants, Refinery Products, Crude Distillation and Photographs of Machinery with Suppliers Contact Details. This book will be a mile stone for its readers who are new to this sector, will also find useful for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area.
Author:
Publisher: Engineers India Research In
ISBN: 9788189865
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
Author: NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers
Publisher: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
ISBN: 8193733908
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
The petroleum waxes are semi refined or fully refined products obtained during the processing of crude oil. According to their structure they are divided into macrocrystalline waxes (paraffin waxes) and microcrystalline waxes (ceresine, petrolatum, others). Grease, thick, oily lubricant consisting of inedible lard, the rendered fat of waste animal parts, or a petroleum-derived or synthetic oil containing a thickening agent. Greases of mineral or synthetic origin consist of a thickening agent dispersed in a liquid lubricant such as petroleum oil or a synthetic fluid. Diesel fuel, also called diesel oil, combustible liquid used as fuel for diesel engines, ordinarily obtained from fractions of crude oil that are less volatile than the fractions used in gasoline. Lubricating oil, sometimes simply called lubricant/lube, is a class of oils used to reduce the friction, heat, and wear between mechanical components that are in contact with each other. Lubricating oil is used in motorized vehicles, where it is known specifically as motor oil and transmission fluid. The global wax market was valued at around USD 9 billion in 2017 and is expected to reach approximately USD 12 billion in 2024, growing at a CAGR of slightly above 3.5% between 2018 and 2024.The India lubricant market is expected to register a CAGR of 4.64%, during the forecast period, 2018-2023. The major factors driving the growth of the market are the increasing vehicular production along with the growing industrial sector. The global market for lubricants is expected to reach USD 70.32 billion by 2020. The global grease market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.13% during the forecast period, 2018 - 2023.Aviation fuel market size will grow by over USD 34 billion during 2018-2022 Some of the fundamentals of the book are composition of the petroleum waxes, solvent extraction, greases and solid lubricants, solid fuels, other significant tests or properties, gaseous fuels, properties of waxes, gasoline, diesel fuel oils, automotive, diesel and aviation fuels, special processes for motor-fuel blending components, crude distillation, lubricating oils, lubricating greases, nature of lubricating oils, photographs of machinery with suppliers contact details A total guide to manufacturing and entrepreneurial success in one of todayÕs most lucrative petroleum industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors of the petroleum industry, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on the commercial production of petroleum products. It serves up a feast of how-to information, from concept to purchasing equipment.
Author: Dhananjoy Ghosh
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000995712
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
This book covers chemistry of lubricants and waxes up to technologies applied for their commercial production including technologies in commercial operation. Grease as a lubricant in solid form including various formulations characterizing grease and liquid lubricants has been extensively covered. The environment impacts of the processes along with environment friendly processes developed have also been covered along with data in the book. To make the book more practical, various plants’ operating conditions have been provided as a part of case studies. Features: Provides updated information on the process, technologies, and application especially for production of Group-II and III base oils. Covers theory behind the processes including stoichiometry of chemical reactions, physical and chemical structures, and theoretical text explanations. Includes mathematical equations and data to evaluate the actual operations and/or check design of the plant. Explores practical applications including commercial production of lubricants and waxes. Covers various industrial case studies. This book is aimed at Professionals in industries involving the application of lubricants and waxes.
Author: Avilino Sequeira
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824792565
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
Provides state-of-the-art information on all processes currently used to manufacture lubricant base oils and waxes-offering practical, timesaving solutions for specific on-the-job problems. Furnishes helpful lists of conversion factors, construction cost data, and process licensors, as well as a glossary of essential petroleum processing terms.
Author: Don M. Pirro
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315362058
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
Careful selection of the right lubricant(s) is required to keep a machine running smoothly. Lubrication Fundamentals, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded describes the need and design for the many specialized oils and greases used to lubricate machine elements and builds on the tribology and lubrication basics discussed in previous editions. Utilizing knowledge from leading experts in the field, the third edition covers new lubrication requirements, crude oil composition and selection, base stock manufacture, lubricant formulation and evaluation, machinery and lubrication fundamentals, and environmental stewardship. The book combines lubrication theory with practical knowledge, and provides many useful illustrations to highlight key industrial, commercial, marine, aviation, and automotive lubricant applications and concepts. All previous edition chapters have been updated to include new technologies, applications, and specifications that have been introduced in the past 15 years. What’s New in the Third Edition: Adds three new chapters on the growing renewable energy application of wind turbines, the impact of lubricants on energy efficiency, and best practice guidelines on establishing an in-service lubricant analysis program Updates API, SAE, and ACEA engine oil specifications, descriptions of new engine oil tests, impact of engine and fuel technology trends on engine oil Includes the latest environmental lubricant tests, definitions, and labelling programs Compiles expert information from ExxonMobil publications and the foremost international equipment builders and industry associations Covers key influences impacting lubricant formulations and technology Offers data on global energy demand and interesting statistics such as the worldwide population of nuclear reactors, wind turbines, and output of hydraulic turbines Presents new sections on the history of synthetic lubricants and hazardous chemical labeling for lubricants Whether used as a training guide for industry novices, a textbook for students to understand lubrication principles, or a technical reference for experienced lubrication and tribology professionals, Lubrication Fundamentals, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded is a "must read" for maintenance professionals, lubricant formulators and marketers, chemists, and lubrication, surface, chemical, mechanical, and automotive engineers.
