Author: Jorge Ancheyta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 143988045X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 565
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Book Description
The worldwide petroleum industry is facing a dilemma: the production level of heavy petroleum is higher than that of light petroleum. Heavy crude oils possess high amounts of impurities (sulfur, nitrogen, metals, and asphaltenes), as well as a high yield of residue with consequent low production of valuable distillates (gasoline and diesel). These characteristics, in turn, are responsible for the low price of heavy petroleum. Additionally, existing refineries are designed to process light crude oil, and heavy oil cannot be refined to 100 percent. One solution to this problem is the installation of plants for heavy oil upgrading before sending this raw material to a refinery. Modeling of Processes and Reactors for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum gives an up-to-date treatment of modeling of reactors employed in the main processes for heavy petroleum upgrading. The book includes fundamental aspects such as thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, chemistry, and process variables. Process schemes for each process are discussed in detail. The author thoroughly describes the development of correlations, reactor models, and kinetic models with the aid of experimental data collected from different reaction scales. The validation of modeling results is performed by comparison with experimental and commercial data taken from the literature or generated in various laboratory scale reactors. Organized into three sections, this book deals with general aspects of properties and upgrading of heavy oils, describes the modeling of non-catalytic processes, as well as the modeling of catalytic processes. Each chapter provides detailed experimental data, explanations of how to determine model parameters, and comparisons with reactor model predictions for different situations, so that readers can adapt their own computer programs. The book includes rigorous treatment of the different topics as well as the step-by-step description of model formulation and application. It is not only an indispensable reference for professionals working in the development of reactor models for the petroleum industry, but also a textbook for full courses in chemical reaction engineering. The author would like to express his sincere appreciation to the Marcos Moshinsky Foundation for the financial support provided by means of a Cátedra de Investigación.
Author: Jorge Ancheyta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439880468
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 551
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Book Description
The worldwide petroleum industry is facing a dilemma: the production level of heavy petroleum is higher than that of light petroleum. Heavy crude oils possess high amounts of impurities (sulfur, nitrogen, metals, and asphaltenes), as well as a high yield of residue with consequent low production of valuable distillates (gasoline and diesel). These
Author: Jorge Ancheyta
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118002164
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Reactors for Petroleum Refining deals with fundamental descriptions of the main conversion processes employed in the petroleum refining industry: catalytic hydrotreating, catalytic reforming, and fluid catalytic cracking. Common approaches for modeling of catalytic reactors for steady-state and dynamic simulations are also described and analyzed. Aspects such as thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, process variables, process scheme, and reactor design are discussed in detail from both research and commercial points of view. Results of simulation with the developed models are compared with those determined at pilot plant scale as well as commercial practice. Kinetics data used in the reactor model are either taken from the literature or obtained under controlled experiments at the laboratory.
Author: Jorge Ancheyta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781032034010
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book explores the common approaches to upgrade heavy and extra-heavy crude oils by means of catalytic hydrotreating, emphasizing hydrogen addition technology as well as carbon rejection alternatives. Kinetic and reactor models are combined with experimental data to simulate and optimize commercialscale reactor performance. Key Features - Focuses on fixed-bed catalytic hydrotreating and catalysts and process scheme characteristics for commercial application. - Guides readers on hydrotreating process technology development from batch reactor experiments to semi-commercial test. - Describes step-by-step methodologies for development of kinetic models based on experimental data generated at different reaction scales. - Provides detailed explanation on how to formulate a reactor model for the simulation of catalytic hydrotreating of heavy oils. A comprehensive guide to the upgrading of crude oils, this book has particular appeal for petroleum refining industry professionals, catalyst developers, workshop instructors, professors, and their graduate and postgraduate students.
Author: Jorge Ancheyta
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118769848
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Written by a scientist and researcher with more than 25 years of experience in the field, this serves as a complete guide to catalyst activity loss during the hydroprocessing of heavy oils. Explores the physical and chemical properties of heavy oils and hydroprocessing catalysts; the mechanisms of catalyst deactivation; catalyst characterization by a variety of techniques and reaction conditions; laboratory and commercial information for model validations; and more Demonstrates how to develop correlations and models for a variety of reaction scales with step-by-step descriptions and detailed experimental data Contains important implications for increasing operational efficiencies within the petroleum industry An essential reference for professionals and researchers working in the refining industry as well as students taking courses on chemical reaction engineering
Author: Y. A. Liu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527813365
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
A comprehensive review of the theory and practice of the simulation and optimization of the petroleum refining processes Petroleum Refinery Process Modeling offers a thorough review of how to quantitatively model key refinery reaction and fractionation processes. The text introduces the basics of dealing with the thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in the context of process modeling. The authors - three experts on the topic - outline the procedures and include the key data required for building reaction and fractionation models with commercial software. The text shows how to filter through the extensive data available at the refinery and using plant data to begin calibrating available models and extend the models to include key fractionation sub-models. It provides a sound and informed basis to understand and exploit plant phenomena to improve yield, consistency, and performance. In addition, the authors offer information on applying models in an overall refinery context through refinery planning based on linear programming. This important resource: -Offers the basic information of thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in the context of process modeling -Uses the key concepts of fractionation lumps and physical properties to develop detailed models and workflows for atmospheric (CDU) and vacuum (VDU) distillation units -Discusses modeling FCC, catalytic reforming and hydroprocessing units Written for chemical engineers, process engineers, and engineers for measurement and control, this resource explores the advanced simulation tools and techniques that are available to support experienced and aid new operators and engineers.
Author: Mikhail A. Varfolomeev
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119871492
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils A comprehensive guide to a cutting-edge and cost-effective refinement process for heavy oil Oil sufficiently viscous that it cannot flow normally from production wells is called heavy oil and constitutes as much as 70% of global oil reserves. Extracting and refining this oil can pose significant challenges, including very high transportation costs. As a result, processes which produce and partially refine heavy oil in situ, known as catalytic upgrading, are an increasingly important part of the heavy oil extraction process, and the reduced carbon footprint associated with these methods promises to make them even more significant in the coming years. Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils provides a comprehensive introduction to these processes. It introduces the properties and characteristics of heavy and extra-heavy oil before discussing different catalysts and catalyzing processes, their mechanisms and underlying physics, and more. It offers the full sweep of description and analysis required for petroleum and chemical engineers to understand this vital aspect of the modern oil industry. Readers will also find: Detailed discussion of subjects including electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and more Analysis of both liquid catalysts and nanoparticle catalysts A numerical simulation of the catalytic in-situ oil upgrading process Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils is a valuable reference for petroleum and chemical engineers as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students in related fields.
Author: Edward Furimsky
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080549314
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
The book provides the most up-to-date information on testing and development of hydroprocessing catalysts with the aim to improve performance of the conventional and modified catalysts as well as to develop novel catalytic formulations. Besides diverse chemical composition, special attention is devoted to pore size and pore volume distribution of the catalysts. Properties of the catalysts are discussed in terms of their suitability for upgrading heavy feeds. For this purpose atmospheric residue was chosen as the base for defining other heavy feeds which comprise vacuum gas oil, deasphalted oil and vacuum residues in addition to topped heavy crude and bitumen. Attention is paid to deactivation with the aim to extent catalyst life during the operation. Into consideration is taken the loss of activity due to fouling, metal deposition, coke formed as the result of chemical reaction and poisoning by nitrogen bases. Mathematical models were reviewed focussing on those which can simulate performance of the commercial operations. Configurations of hydroprocessing reactors were compared in terms of their capability to upgrade various heavy feeds providing that a suitable catalyst was selected. Strategies for regeneration, utilization and disposal of spent hydroprocesing catalysts were evaluated. Potential of the non-conventional hydroprocessing involving soluble/dispersed catalysts and biocatalysts in comparison with conventional methods were assessed to identify issues which prevent commercial utilization of the former. A separate chapter is devoted to catalytic dewaxing because the structure of dewaxing catalysts is rather different than that of hydroprocessing catalysts, i.e., the objective of catalytic dewaxing is different than that of the conventional hydroprocessing, The relevant information in the scientific literature is complemented with the Patent literature covering the development of catalysts and novel reactor configurations. Separate chapter was added to distinguish upgrading capabilities of the residues catalytic cracking processes from those employing hydroprocessing. Upper limits on the content of carbon residue and metals in the feeds which can still be upgraded by the former processes differ markedly from those in the feeds which can be upgraded by hydroprocessing. It is necessary that the costs of modifications of catalytic cracking processes to accommodate heavier feeds are compared with that of hydroprocessing methods. Objective of the short chapter on upgrading by carbon rejecting processes was to identify limits of contaminants in heavy feeds beyond which catalytic upgrading via hydroprocessing becomes uneconomical because of the costs of catalyst inventory and that of reactors and equipment. - Comprehensive and most recent information on hydroprocessing catalysts for upgrading heavy petroleum feeds. - Compares conventional, modified and novel catalysts for upgrading a wide range of heavy petroleum feeds. - Comparison of conventional with non-conventional hydroprocessing, the latter involving soluble/dispersed catalysts and biocatalysts. - Development and comparison of mathematical models to simulate performance of catalytic reactors including most problematic feeds. - Residues upgrading by catalytic cracking in comparison to hydroprocessing.
Author: Ramasamy Marappa Gounder
Publisher:
ISBN: 1839684097
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Author: Ai-Fu Chang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527666850
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 521
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Book Description
A pioneering and comprehensive introduction to the complex subject of integrated refinery process simulation, using many of the tools and techniques currently employed in modern refineries. Adopting a systematic and practical approach, the authors include the theory, case studies and hands-on workshops, explaining how to work with real data. As a result, senior-level undergraduate and graduate students, as well as industrial engineers learn how to develop and use the latest computer models for the predictive modeling and optimization of integrated refinery processes. Additional material is available online providing relevant spreadsheets and simulation files for all the models and examples presented in the book.
