Author: Tom Stonier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447132653
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Not so if the book has been translated into Arabic. Now the reader can discern no meaning in the letters. The text conveys almost no information to the reader, yet the linguistic informa tion contained by the book is virtually the same as in the English original. The reader, familiar with books will still recognise two things, however: First, that the book is a book. Second, that the squiggles on the page represent a pattern of abstractions which probably makes sense to someone who understands the mean ing of those squiggles. Therefore, the book as such, will still have some meaning for the English reader, even if the content of the text has none. Let us go to a more extreme case. Not a book, but a stone, or a rock with engravings in an ancient language no longer under stood by anyone alive. Does such a stone not contain human information even if it is not decipherable? Suppose at some point in the future, basic knowledge about linguistics and clever computer aids allow us to decipher it? Or suppose someone discovers the equivalent of a Rosetta stone which allows us to translate it into a known language, and then into English? Can one really say that the stone contained no information prior to translation? It is possible to argue that the stone, prior to deciphering contained only latent information.
Author: Larry S. Bourne
Publisher: New York : Oxford University Press
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
Author: Margaret Scotford Archer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521535977
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Explores the relationship between structure and agency through human reflexivity and the internal conversation.
Author: Danniel Carvalho
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527507483
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
This book explores the internal structure of personal pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese, with a special emphasis on the first-person singular, which exhibits severe syncretism in this language. This study is an investigation into the formative features of pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese and their relationship with the phenomenon of syncretism. Empirically, this book provides a description of the internal structure of personal pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese, showing that the traditional phi-features used to construct a pronoun (person, number, gender, and case) are actually categories which encompass more elemental features which define the content and the shape of a pronoun. It shows that more elementary component structures of the person, number, gender and case categories are able to satisfactorily describe the pronoun system in Brazilian Portuguese, meaning that different pronouns (and their syntactic roles) may be described based on their inner composition. In terms of theory, this book defines which elementary formative features form a pronoun, how these features are composed, and what the syntactic consequences are.
Author: Wendy H. Wong
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 0801465621
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Why are some international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) more politically salient than others, and why are some NGOs better able to influence the norms of human rights? Internal Affairs shows how the organizational structures of human rights NGOs and their campaigns determine their influence on policy. Drawing on data from seven major international organizations—the International Committee of the Red Cross, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Médecins sans Frontières, Oxfam International, Anti-Slavery International, and the International League of Human Rights—Wendy H. Wong demonstrates that NGOs that choose to centralize agenda-setting and decentralize the implementation of that agenda are more successful in gaining traction in international politics.Challenging the conventional wisdom that the most successful NGOs are those that find the "right" cause or have the most resources, Wong shows that how NGOs make and implement decisions is critical to their effectiveness in influencing international norms about human rights. Building on the insights of network theory and organizational sociology, Wong traces how power works within NGOs and affects their external authority. The internal coherence of an organization, as reflected in its public statements and actions, goes a long way to assure its influence over the often tumultuous elements of the international human rights landscape.
Author: Robert Tangora
Publisher: North Atlantic Books
ISBN: 158394737X
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
An in-depth exploration of T'ai Chi through the practice of Cloud Hands, a foundational exercise common to all schools of this popular martial art Part theoretical treatise, part training manual, this book facilitates a deeper understanding of "internal" movement and training for students of T'ai Chi and other internal martial arts. Step-by-step exercises help to bring the theoretical into concrete practice and application. Author Robert E. Tangora, an accomplished practitioner and teacher of several different styles of T'ai Chi, places a heavy emphasis on the development of internal structure and building a solid foundation in the art's most basic movements. Intermediate and advanced practitioners will discover a deeply interconnected world of practice; beginning students will learn basic training methods that can help them bypass years of incomplete training and erase incorrect habits already formed. Tangora also stresses the importance of meditation and its crucial relationship to the art's health and martial aspects, as well as how to use the spine to integrate movements—especially important for practitioners with back problems who wish to learn how to move without inducing pain. Readers will learn to: • Cultivate internal power • Discover the inner workings of Tai Chi Ch'uan • Understand the meaning of the T'ai Chi classics • Move without injury • Relieve back pain
Author: Sean C. Solomon
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107154456
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 601
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Book Description
Offers an authoritative synthesis of knowledge of the planet Mercury after the MESSENGER mission, for researchers and students in planetary science.
Author: Christopher A. J. Wibberley
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 9781862392533
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Faults are primary focuses of both fluid migration and deformation in the upper crust. The recognition that faults are typically heterogeneous zones of deformed material, not simple discrete fractures, has fundamental implications for the way geoscientists predict fluid migration in fault zones, as well as leading to new concepts in understanding seismic/aseismic strain accommodation. This book captures current research into understanding the complexities of fault-zone internal structure, and their control on mechanical and fluid-flow properties of the upper crust. A wide variety of approaches are presented, from geological field studies and laboratory analyses of fault-zone and fault-rock properties to numerical fluid-flow modelling, and from seismological data analyses to coupled hydraulic and rheological modelling. The publication aims to illustrate the importance of understanding fault-zone complexity by integrating such diverse approaches, and its impact on the rheological and fluid-flow behaviour of fault zones in different contexts.
Author: San-Ichiro Mizushima
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483261646
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Structure of Molecules and Internal Rotation focuses on the processes, methodologies, and reactions involved in internal rotation. The manuscript first offers information on studies on dihalogenoethanes, as well as the spectroscopic and thermal measurements of ethane and its derivatives. Discussions focus on the dielectric constant of halogenoethanes, electron diffraction, Raman effect in ethane derivatives, and entropy difference between rotational isomers. The text also ponders on internal rotation in simple molecules and paraffinic hydrocarbons. The publication examines polypeptides and related compounds and the principles and experimental methods of structure determination. Topics include Raman effect, infrared absorption, molecules with two peptide bonds, and the configuration of a polypeptide chain. The manuscript is a valuable source of data for chemists and readers interested in the structure of molecules and internal rotation.
Author: Archie Raymond Ayers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Universities and colleges
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
