Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests PDF Download
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Author: Ingrid H. Williams
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789048139835
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
Oilseed rape is a major arable crop in both Europe and North America. It is attacked by unique complexes of insect pests still largely controlled through the application of chemical insecticides. Crop management systems for the future must combine sustainability with environmental acceptability to satisfy both social and economic demands. This book, in its 17 chapters each led by a world expert, reviews research progress towards developing integrated pest management systems for the crop that enhance conservation biocontrol. This approach is particularly timely because of the development in Europe of insecticide resistance in the pollen beetle, a major pest of the crop. The past decade has seen considerable progress in our knowledge of the parasitoids and predators that contribute to biocontrol, of their distribution patterns, and their behavioural ecology, both within and without the crop. There is potential for natural enemy conservation through modification of within-field crop husbandry practices, as well as, on the landscape scale, through habitat manipulation to encourage vegetational diversity. This book will prove invaluable as a text for researchers, university teachers, graduate scientists, extension workers and growers involved in integrated pest management.
Author: Ingrid H. Williams
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789048139835
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
Oilseed rape is a major arable crop in both Europe and North America. It is attacked by unique complexes of insect pests still largely controlled through the application of chemical insecticides. Crop management systems for the future must combine sustainability with environmental acceptability to satisfy both social and economic demands. This book, in its 17 chapters each led by a world expert, reviews research progress towards developing integrated pest management systems for the crop that enhance conservation biocontrol. This approach is particularly timely because of the development in Europe of insecticide resistance in the pollen beetle, a major pest of the crop. The past decade has seen considerable progress in our knowledge of the parasitoids and predators that contribute to biocontrol, of their distribution patterns, and their behavioural ecology, both within and without the crop. There is potential for natural enemy conservation through modification of within-field crop husbandry practices, as well as, on the landscape scale, through habitat manipulation to encourage vegetational diversity. This book will prove invaluable as a text for researchers, university teachers, graduate scientists, extension workers and growers involved in integrated pest management.
Author: David V. Alford
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405171561
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Oilseed rape, a major crop in many parts of the world, is attackedby a wide range of insect pests, many of which are of considerableeconomic importance. With the increasing demand to reduceagrochemical inputs on arable crops, the Commission of the EuropeanCommunities supported a three-year programme in which scientificparticipants reviewed the natural enemies of oilseed rape insectpests. The various outputs from this important work form the basisof this comprehensive new book. Biocontrol of Oilseed Rape Pests commences with a reviewof the oilseed rape crop, followed by chapters on pests, pestmanagement strategies and parasitoids of specific pests or groupsof pests. Detailed information is also included on sampling,trapping and rearing pests, their parasitoids and predators; theidentification of hymenopterous parasitoids; pathogens of oilseedrape pests, predators, predator taxonomy and identification, andthe impact of on-farm landscape structures and systems onpredators. This book is an essential purchase for all those involved withoilseed rape and for anyone with an interest in agriculturalbiocontrol strategies. It is also essential reading and aninvaluable source of reference for agricultural scientists,entomologists, crop protection specialists, advisers andconsultants. All agrochemical companies should have multiple copiesof this book on their shelves, as should all libraries inuniversities and research establishments where biological andagricultural sciences are studied and taught. Dr David V. Alford, based in Cambridge, UK, has manyyears of experience working as a government entomologist.
Author: David Victor Alford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agronomy
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Gadi V P Reddy
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780648200
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
This book comprehensively reviews current pest management practices and explores novel integrated pest management strategies in Brassica oilseed crops. It is essential reading for pest management practitioners and researchers working on pest management in canola and other Brassica crops worldwide. Canola, mustard, camelina and crambe are the most important oilseed crops in the world. Canola is the second largest oilseed crop in the world providing 13% of the world's supply. Seeds of these species commonly contain 40% or more oil and produce meals with 35 to 40% protein. However, its production has declined significantly in recent years due to insect pest problems. The canola pest complexes are responsible for high insecticide applications on canola. Many growers rely on calendar-based spraying schedules for insecticide applications. The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella and flea beetles Phyllotreta spp. (P. cruciferae and P. striolata)cause serious damage to canola. In the Northern Great Plains, USA, for instance, P. xylostella is now recorded everywhere that canola is grown. Severe damage to canola plants can be caused by overwintering populations of flea beetles feeding on newly emerged seedlings. Cabbage seed pod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus), swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii), and tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) are also severe pests on canola. Minor pests include aphids (cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae and turnip aphid, Hyadaphis erysimi) and grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes.
Author: A. Rami Horowitz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662079135
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
This book explores ecologically sound and innovative techniques in insect pest management in field and protected crops. From a general overview of pest management to new biorational insecticides such as insect growth regulators, and new strategies to reduce resistance, the coverage is entirely up-to-date. Other chapters describe advances in pest management of important crops such as cotton, corn, oilseed rape and various vegetables.
Author: William D. J. Kirk
Publisher: Pelagic Publishing Limited
ISBN:
Category : Brassica
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
This book introduces the insects on brassicas and their natural history, and shows how much remains to be discovered about even the commoner species. Until now, critical identification of brassica insects has been a task for experts, because it required specialist training and an extensive library. We hope that this book will help readers to name brassica insects more easily, and to explore for themselves this important and interesting community. If we are to minimise the damage done due to insect pests, those ecological interactions must be understood. This book introduces the insects living on cabbages and oilseed rape, including the herbivores and the parasites and predators that feed on them. The natural history of the community is described, and keys and illustrations are provided to help readers to name their insects.
Author: Alexander Döring
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736942621
Category : Science
Languages : de
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Raps ist die wichtigste Ölpflanze in Deutschland, jedoch ist der Ertrag stark durch tierische Schädlinge gefährdet. Die Kontrolle dieser Schädlinge erfolgt meist mittels synthetischer Insektizide. Da jedoch eine Häufung von Schädlingspopulationen mit Resistenzen gegen wichtige Insektizidgruppen zu beobachten ist, wird die Suche nach integrierten Bekämpfungsstrategien zunehmend wichtiger. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Brassicaceen mit verminderter Anfälligkeit gegen die wichtigsten Schadinsekten zu finden. Des Weiteren wurde die Eignung von Winterrübsen (Brassica rapa L. silvestris) als Fangpflanze in Winterraps untersucht. In Klimakammerversuchen wurde die Larvenentwicklung und das Fraßverhalten von adulten Rapserdflöhen (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.) an unterschiedlichen Brassicaceen untersucht. Um Resistenzmechanismen in den verschiedenen Pflanzenarten zu identifizieren, wurden Glucosinolate, Zucker und Gesamtphenole in den Blattspreiten analysiert, sowie die Trichomdichte auf der Blattoberseite und das Trockengewicht bestimmt. In den Blattstielen, in denen sich die Rapserdflohlarven natürlicherweise entwickeln, wurde ebenfalls der Glucosinolatgehalt bestimmt. In dreijährigen Feldversuchen wurde die Effizienz verschiedener Rübsensorten als mögliche Fangpflanze an zwei Standorten untersucht. Außerdem wurde die Eignung von Rübsen-Fangstreifen sowie einer Mischsaat aus Raps und Rübsen als Maßnahme zur Minderung des Rapserdfloh- (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.), Rapsstengelrüssler- (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.), Kohltriebrüssler- (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh.), Rapsglanzkäfer- (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) und Kohlschotenrüsslerbefalls (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsh.) in Winterraps untersucht. Die Entwicklung der Rapserdflohlarven unterschied sich signifikant in den untersuchten Wirtspflanzenarten. Während Larven, die an Rübsen angezogen wurden, das höchste Frischgewicht aufwiesen, waren Larven, die an Weißem Senf (Sinapis alba L.) angezogen wurden, am leichtesten. Das Larvengewicht war an Weißkohl (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba) und Ölrettich (Raphanus sativa L. var. oleiformis) im Vergleich zu Raps ebenfalls signifikant reduziert. In unseren Versuchen konnten wir eine positive Korrelation zwischen dem Gewicht der Rapserdflohlarven und den Glucosinolaten Progoitrin und 4-Hydroxybrassicin in den Blattstielen der Wirtspflanzen feststellen. In den Wahlversuchen bevorzugten die adulten Rapserdflöhe Rübsen signifikant vor Raps. Weißkohl wies hingegen einen geringeren Blattfraß als Raps auf, wenn beide Arten zur Wahl angeboten wurden. Die konsumierte Blattfläche der Versuchstiere war positiv mit der Trichomdichte korreliert, jedoch nicht mit dem Glucosinolat-, Zucker- und Gesamtphenolgehalt oder dem Trockengewicht der Blattspreiten. In den Feldversuchen waren die Rübsensorten signifikant stärker mit Rapserdflohlarven und Rapsglanzkäfern befallen als der Winterraps, wobei die Rübsensorte ‚Malwira’ attraktiver für den Rapsglanzkäfer war als die übrigen geprüften Rübsensorten. Die höhere Attraktivität des Rübsens führte jedoch weder in den Fangstreifen- noch in den Mischsaatversuchen zu einer Reduktion des Schädlingsbefalls im angrenzenden Rapsbestand beziehungsweise in den Rapspflanzen der Mischsaat. Die geringe Wirtsqualität des Weißen Senf für die Larven des Rapserdflohs könnte zukünftig für die Züchtung von Rapssorten mit geringerer Anfälligkeit gegenüber Insekten genutzt werden. Weitere Untersuchungen müssen zeigen, ob eine Kombination aus Rübsen-Fangstreifen und einer Randbehandlung mit Insektiziden die Effektivität des Fangpflanzenverfahrens erhöhen kann. Description Substantial economic yield losses are regularly caused by insect pests to crops of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Europe. The control of these pests is usually achieved by application of synthetic insecticides. Emerging resistances of insects against specific active ingredients require integrated pest management strategies. The aim of this study was to identify cultivars of oilseed rape and other brassicaceous species which are less susceptibility or even resistant to herbivore feeding. Moreover, the suitability of turnip rape as a trap crop for insect pests in oilseed rape was investigated. Experiments were conducted under controlled climate conditions to assess the larval performance and adult feeding preference of the cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.; CSFB) on different brassicaceous species. To identify potential resistance mechanisms, leaf laminas were analyzed for sugars, phenolics and glucosinolates and petioles were analyzed for glucosinolates. Additionally, trichome densities and dry weight of leaf laminas was assessed. Extensive field plot experiments were established to evaluate the suitability of different turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. silvestris) cultivars as trap crop. The effect of turnip rape, grown as perimeter strips or in mixtures with oilseed rape, on infestation by CSFB, rape stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh.), pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) and cabbage seed weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsh.) on oilseed rape was investigated. Larval performance of CSFB significantly differed between brassicaceous species. While larvae reared in turnip rape gained the highest weight, larvae developing on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) gained lowest. Larval performance was also significantly reduced when larvae fed on white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativa L. var. oleiformis) compared to oilseed rape. Performance of larvae was positively correlated with the content of the glucosinolates progoitrin and 4-hydroxybrassicin in the leave petioles. In dual choice experiments adult CSFB preferred turnip rape to oilseed rape for feeding, while white cabbage was less preferred. Feeding preference was not correlated with the content of glucosinolates, sugars and penolics in the leaf lamina while the feeding preference was positively correlated with the trichome density. In field experiments turnip rape was significantly higher infested by CSFB and pollen beetle than oilseed rape. Among four cultivars of turnip rape ‘Malwira' was preferred by pollen beetles. However, higher attractiveness of the turnip rape in perimeter strips and in mixtures with oilseed rape did not reduce the infestation levels of the main crop by pests. The antixenosis resistance of white mustard to CSFB larvae is regarded as having potential for breeding oilseed rape cultivars less susceptible to insect pests. Both trap cropping strategies did not reduce pest infestation of the main crop and are not suitable for use as a single pest management strategy. A combination of a turnip rape perimeter strips and targeted insecticide application to these strips may contribute to an effective trap crop strategy. Furthermore a less susceptible cultivar of oilseed rape as main crop in combination with a highly attractive trap crop could contribute to a better efficacy of the perimeter strips for insect pest management.
Author: Fahmia Aljmli
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783865760364
Category : Insect pests
Languages : en
Pages : 211
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Book Description
Author: Omkar
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811561494
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 515
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Book Description
Sucking pests are most notorious group of pests for agricultural crops. Unlike most pests with chewing mouth parts, sucking pests cause more severe damage to the crops and are complex to get identified until advanced stages of infection. Not only is this late detection detrimental to their effective control, sucking pests also often cause fungal growth and virus transmission. The book emphasizes on sucking pests of most major crops of India. It aims to reflect Indian scenario before the international readership. This book complies comprehensive information on sucking pests of crops and brings the attention of the readers to this multiple damage causing insect complex. The chapters are contributed by highly experienced Indigenous experts from Universities & ICAR institutes, and book collates useful content for students and young researchers in plant pathology, entomology and agriculture.
Author: Kuldeep S. Labana
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 366206166X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
The present status of rapeseed-mustard crops as the third most important source of edible oils is attributable to the success of plant breeders and associate researchers in developing high yielding varieties with improved quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the need to maximize the production gains and quality at lower economic costis greater than ever before. "Breeding Oilseed Brassicas" was thus conceived to review the past accomplishments in order to identify research gaps and suggest ways and means to meet the challenge of sustainable productivity upgradation. Theoretical and applied aspects ofbreeding, genetics, cytogenetics, crop physiology, and biotechnology are covered. The emphasis is on the application of theoretical knowledge to the solution of problems that confront the Brassica breeders.
