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Author: Alexis Le Pichon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402095082
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 735
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Book Description
The use of infrasound to monitor the atmosphere has, like infrasound itself, gone largely unheard of through the years. But it has many applications, and it is about time that a book is being devoted to this fascinating subject. Our own involvement with infrasound occurred as graduate students of Prof. William Donn, who had established an infrasound array at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (now the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) of Columbia University. It was a natural outgrowth of another major activity at Lamont, using seismic waves to explore the Earth’s interior. Both the atmosphere and the solid Earth feature velocity (seismic or acoustic) gradients in the vertical which act to refract the respective waves. The refraction in turn allows one to calculate the respective background structure in these mediums, indirectly exploring locations that are hard to observe otherwise. Monitoring these signals also allows one to discover various phenomena, both natural and man-made (some of which have military applications).
Author: Alexis Le Pichon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402095082
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 735
Get Book
Book Description
The use of infrasound to monitor the atmosphere has, like infrasound itself, gone largely unheard of through the years. But it has many applications, and it is about time that a book is being devoted to this fascinating subject. Our own involvement with infrasound occurred as graduate students of Prof. William Donn, who had established an infrasound array at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (now the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) of Columbia University. It was a natural outgrowth of another major activity at Lamont, using seismic waves to explore the Earth’s interior. Both the atmosphere and the solid Earth feature velocity (seismic or acoustic) gradients in the vertical which act to refract the respective waves. The refraction in turn allows one to calculate the respective background structure in these mediums, indirectly exploring locations that are hard to observe otherwise. Monitoring these signals also allows one to discover various phenomena, both natural and man-made (some of which have military applications).
Author: Alexis Le Pichon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319751409
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1167
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Book Description
Since the publication of the first volume “Infrasound monitoring for atmospheric studies” published in 2010, significant advances were achieved in the fields of engineering, propagation modelling, and atmospheric remote sensing methods. The global infrasound network, which consists of the International Monitoring Network (IMS) for nuclear test ban verification completed by an increasing number of regional cluster arrays deployed around the globe, has evidenced an unprecedented potential for detecting, locating and characterizing various natural and man-made sources. In recent years, infrasound has evolved into a broad interdisciplinary field encompassing academic disciplines of geophysics and innovative technical and scientific developments. The advances in innovative ground-based instruments, including infrasound inversions for continuous observations of the stratosphere and mesosphere, provide useful insights into the geophysical source phenomenology and atmospheric processes involved. Systematic investigations into low-frequency infrasound signals and the development of complementary observational platforms point out new insights into the dynamics of the middle atmosphere which play a significant role in both tropospheric weather and climate. This monitoring system also provides continuous relevant information about natural hazards with high societal benefits, like on-going volcanic eruptions, surface earthquakes, meteorites or severe weather. With this new edition, researchers and students benefit from a comprehensive content of both fundamental and applied inter-disciplinary topics.
Author: Alexis Le Pichon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781402095191
Category : Atmospheric turbulence
Languages : en
Pages : 756
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Book Description
The infrasound field, the science of low-frequency acoustic waves, has developed into a broad interdisciplinary field encompassing academic disciplines of physics and recent technical and scientific developments. The infrasound network of the International Monitoring Network (IMS) of the CTBT-Organization has demonstrated its capability for detecting and locating infrasonic sources such as meteorites, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, auroras, mountain associated waves ... Nearly 70% of the global network is now operational and regional cluster arrays are deployed around the globe. Systematic investigations into low-frequency acoustic signals have evidenced an unprecedented potential of the monitoring of infrasonic waves permanently generated by natural and man-made events. Furthermore, recent studies point out new insights on quantitative relationships between observables and atmospheric specifications, and therefore opening new fields into the mathematics of geophysical inverse problems for atmospheric remote sensing. This volume reviews the most important areas of infrasound, with emphasis on the latest researches and applications, e.g. instrumentation, engineering, signal processing, source monitoring, propagation modeling, atmospheric dynamics, global changes, remote sensing methods. Researchers and students will benefit from a comprehensive content of infrasound related topics, where both fundamental and applied topics are discussed by authors from international institutions, all experts in their fields.
Author: Igor Chunchuzov
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527547760
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
This book presents the theory and results of experimental studies of the propagation of infrasound waves in a real atmosphere with its inherent fine-scale layered structure of wind speed and temperature. It is motivated by the fact that the statistical characteristics of anisotropic (or layered) fluctuations of meteorological fields, the horizontal scales of which significantly exceed their vertical scales, have been very poorly studied compared to those of locally isotropic turbulence in the inertial range of scales. This book addresses this lacuna by developing a theory of the formation of anisotropic inhomogeneities of the atmosphere in a random field of internal gravity waves and vortex structures. Using theory, it explains numerous experimental data depicting the influence of the fine structure of the atmosphere on the propagation of infrasound waves from pulsed sources. The text will appeal to specialists in the fields of acoustics and optics of the atmosphere, remote sensing of the atmosphere, the dynamics of internal waves, nonlinear acoustics, and infrasound monitoring of explosions and natural hazards.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This is a data report which provides temperature, wind speed, sound speed, effective sound speed and mean global cloud cover data for use by those involved in monitoring compliance with a CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty) and, in particular, for those concerned with infrasonic monitoring per se. The temperature, wind speed, sound speed and effective sound speed data are zonally averaged data obtained from the COSPAR (Committee on Space Research) International Reference Atmosphere: 1986 (0 km to 120 km). The data set is available from NASA's National Space Science Data Center, includes only the lower atmospheric altitude range extending from 0 km to 120 km and consists of tables of monthly mean values of temperature and zonally averaged wind speed for the latitude range 80 deg S to 80 deg N in 10 degree intervals. The mean global cloud cover data are presented as contours of cloud fraction and were obtained from three sources: (1) International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP); (2) the Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994; and (3) the Global Distribution of the Total Amount of Cloudiness.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This report presents the results of an unclassified review and discussion of past U.S. programs directed toward the infrasonic monitoring of atmospheric nuclear explosions. In brief, the U.S. monitored virtually all atmospheric nuclear explosions conducted by China, France, the former Soviet Union and the United States. The first nuclear explosion to be infrasonically monitored was the 21 KT air-dropped Able test which was conducted at the Bikini test site in the south-Pacific on June 30, 1946, and the last nuclear explosion which was infrasonically monitored was the 3 MT Chinese test which occurred on November 17, 1976. The review of the detection performance of continental stations used to monitor U.S. tests at the NTS indicates that maximum detection ranges for explosions of - 1 KT can vary from 1350 km to 3585 km depending on the noise levels at a particular station and on the environmental conditions along the propagation path. In addition, recent work utilizing still classified data acquired during the existence of the USAEDS infrasound program as well as other independent estimates is discussed which indicates that a proposed 60 station infrasound network can ensure detection of a 1 KT atmospheric test with a location uncertainty of 100 km over most of the earth.
Author: Giovanni Leone
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030841030
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
This book is a comprehensive advancement about the understanding of the volcanology of Mars in all its aspects, from its primary formation to its evolution in time, from the smaller structures to the bigger structures. It discusses the implications of volcanism in the general environmental and geological context of Mars. The book is validating the Southern Giant Impact Hypothesis explaining the formation of Mars in an interdisciplinary approach, including mineralogical, geochemical, volcanological as well as geomorphological information. Implications for future explorations in terms of resources are provided. This book serves as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate level to foster new basic research in the field of planetary volcanology and is a new guide for future missions toward a volcanic world, including new detailed information for the general audience who is always keen to know more about the history of Mars and its large volcanoes. The book also presents an updated situation about the water resources of the planet.
Author: Derek Keir
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889743306
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Author: Minoru Ozima
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521803667
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Publisher Description
Author: Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080507408
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
The interactions of biogeochemical cycles influence and maintain our climate system. Land use and fossil fuel emissions are currently impacting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans. This edited volume brings together 27 scholarly contributions on the state of our knowledge of earth system interactions among the oceans, land, and atmosphere. A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic and paleobiotic context for investigating these complex interrelationships. * Eight-page colour insert to highlight the latest research * A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic context for investigating these complex interrelationships.
