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Author: Ranjan Ray
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Adult education
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
The link between household poverty and child labor is much stronger in Pakistan than in Peru. Providing good schools in South Asia could help reduce child labor. The link between child labor and adult labor markets varies with gender.
Author: Ranjan Ray
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Adult education
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
The link between household poverty and child labor is much stronger in Pakistan than in Peru. Providing good schools in South Asia could help reduce child labor. The link between child labor and adult labor markets varies with gender.
Author: Ranjan Ray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The link between household poverty and child labor is much stronger in Pakistan than in Peru. Providing good schools in South Asia could help reduce child labor. The link between child labor and adult labor markets varies with gender. Using data from Peruvian and Pakistani household surveys, Ray tests the hypotheses of a positive association between child labor hours and poverty and a negative association between child schooling and poverty. Both hypotheses are confirmed using Pakistani data but not using Peruvian data. What explains these divergent results? The link between household poverty and child labor is much stronger in Pakistan than in Peru - perhaps partly because Pakistani schools are not as good as those in Peru, and perhaps partly because Pakistani families value education less, especially for girls. Also, Peruvian children combine schooling with employment, unlike Pakistani children. Rising wages for men significantly reduce the labor hours of Peruvian girls. Strong complementarity exists between the labor market for women and that for girls in Pakistan. Providing good schools in South Asia could help reduce child labor and break the strong link there between poverty and hours spent in child labor. Data from both countries confirm the positive role more adult education can play in improving child welfare. Adult education`s impact on child labor is considerably greater in Pakistan than in Peru. One generation`s lack of skills and education causes the next to remain uneducated and unskilled as well. This paper - a product of the Office of the Senior Vice President, Development Economics - is part of a larger study funded by the Bank`s Research Support Budget under the research project Intrahousehold Decisionmaking, Literacy, and Child Labor (RPO 683-07).
Author: Randall K.Q. Akee
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 0857240005
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Contains fresh knowledge to help understand the relationship between child labor and the transition between school and work. This title includes papers that offer insights and answers to issues such as: how to measure child labor; how child labor and schooling affect health; and, how children's time is allocated along gender lines.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309091349
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
This new report provides a framework within which to assess compliance with core international labor standards and succeeds in taking an enormous step toward interpreting all relevant information into one central database. At the request of the Bureau of International Labor Affairs at the U.S. Department of Labor, the National Research Council's Committee on Monitoring International Labor Standards was charged with identifying relevant and useful sources of country-level data, assessing the quality of such data, identifying innovative measures to monitor compliance, exploring the relationship between labor standards and human capital, and making recommendations on reporting procedures to monitor compliance. The result of the committee's work is in two partsâ€"this report and a database structure. Together, they offer a first step toward the goal of providing an empirical foundation to monitor compliance with core labor standards. The report provides a comprehensive review of extant data sources, with emphasis on their relevance to defined labor standards, their utility to decision makers in charge of assessing or monitoring compliance, and the cautions necessary to understand and use the quantitative information.
Author: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309174309
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
In Massachusetts, a 12-year-old girl delivering newspapers is killed when a car strikes her bicycle. In Los Angeles, a 14-year-old boy repeatedly falls asleep in class, exhausted from his evening job. Although children and adolescents may benefit from working, there may also be negative social effects and sometimes danger in their jobs. Protecting Youth at Work looks at what is known about work done by children and adolescents and the effects of that work on their physical and emotional health and social functioning. The committee recommends specific initiatives for legislators, regulators, researchers, and employers. This book provides historical perspective on working children and adolescents in America and explores the framework of child labor laws that govern that work. The committee presents a wide range of data and analysis on the scope of youth employment, factors that put children and adolescents at risk in the workplace, and the positive and negative effects of employment, including data on educational attainment and lifestyle choices. Protecting Youth at Work also includes discussions of special issues for minority and disadvantaged youth, young workers in agriculture, and children who work in family-owned businesses.
Author: Christiaan Grootaert
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Børnearbejde
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
March 1998 Most children in Côte d'Ivoire perform some kind of work. In rural areas, more than four of five children work, with only a third combining work with schooling. Child labor in Côte d'Ivoire increased in the 1980s because of a severe economic crisis. Two out of three urban children aged 7 to 17 work; half of them also attend school. In rural areas, more than four out of five children work, but only a third of them manage to combine work with schooling. Full-time work is less prevalent, but not negligible. Roughly 7 percent of urban children work full time (an average 46 hours a week). More than a third of rural children work full time (an average of 35 hours a week), with the highest incidence in the Savannah region. The incidence of such full-time work rises with age but is by no means limited to older children. The average age of the full-time child worker in Côte d'Ivoire is 12.7. These children have received an average 1.2 years of schooling. That child is also more likely to be ill or injured and is less likely to receive medical attention than other children. Urban children in the interior cities are far more likely to work and their working hours are much longer. Among rural children, those in the Savannah region (where educational infrastructure lags far behind the rest of the country) are most likely to work. Five factors affect a household's decision to supply child labor: * The age and gender of the child (girls are more likely to work, especially when the head of household is a woman). * The education and employment status of the parents (low parental education is a good targeting variable for interventions). * The availability of within-household employment opportunities. * The household's poverty status. * The household's location (calling for geographical targeting). With improved macroeconomic growth, it is hoped, child labor will decline-but a significant decline could take several generations. Meanwhile, it is important to: * Use a gradual approach toward the elimination of child work by aiming initial interventions at facilitating combined work and schooling. * Support the development of home enterprises as part of poverty alleviation programs, but combine it with incentives for school attendance. * Make school hours and vacation periods flexible (accommodating harvest times) in rural areas. This would also improve children's health. * Improve rural school attendance by having a school in the village rather than 1 to 5 kilometers away. * Improve educational investment in the Savannah. This paper is a product of the Social Development Department. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Child Labor: What Role for Demand-Side Interventions (RPO 680-64). The author may be contacted at
[email protected].
Author: Hugh D Hindman
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315290839
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Despite its decline throughout the advanced industrial nations, child labor remains one of the major social, political, and economic concerns of modern history, as witnessed by the many high-profile stories on child labor and sweatshops in the media today. This work considers the issue in three parts. The first section discusses child labor as a social and economic problem in America from an historical and theoretical perspective. The second part presents child labor as National Child Labor Committee investigators found it in major American industries and occupations, including coal mines, cotton textile mills, and sweatshops in the early 1900s. Finally, the concluding section integrates these findings and attempts to apply them to child labor problems in America and the rest of the world today.
Author: M. F. C. Bourdillon
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 0813548888
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Explores the place of labor in children's lives and child development. By incorporating recent theoretical advances in childhood studies and in child development, the authors argue for the need to re-think assumptions that underlie current policies on child labor. Proposes a new approach to promote the well-being, development, and human rights of working children. From publisher description.
Author: Alessandro Cigno
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN: 0199264457
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
"This book provides a blend of theory, empirical analysis and policy discussion. The authors develop a comprehensive theory of child labour, and related variables such as fertility, and infant mortality. The effects of trade are considered and country studies are included to illustrate and test different aspects of the theory in different geographical contexts."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Lucy Manning
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Child labor
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
