Global Environmental Impact Assessment of the Selected Engineered Nanomaterials and Development of Characterization Factors PDF Download
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Author: Sila Temizel Sekeryan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Engineered nanomaterials have been incorporated into a large number of conventional products in order to solve problems that the world has been facing. However, the current research in this area often overlooks the fact that not only using the end product but also producing it might have significant impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, systems thinking and applying a holistic approach to assess the sustainability performance of these products is critical for decision-making. Global production and consumption of engineered nanomaterials is forecasted to increase significantly due to their applications in modern technologies, which raises concerns regarding their environmental implications. One way to analyze the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials is through life cycle assessment (LCA). This work investigates the cradle-to-grave environmental costs of silver nanoparticles (nAg) and global cradle-to-gate environmental costs of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using LCA and multiple midpoint environmental impact categories in order to provide a holistic assessment. For the nAg case study, environmental performances of thirteen different synthesis routes are evaluated with cradle-to-gate boundaries and a mass based functional unit, and the results are presented in a disaggregated format based on industrial uses of nAg in a global scale. Similarly, for CNTs, the environmental impacts of eight single-walled and seven multi-walled CNTs synthesis processes are evaluated and global scale impacts of manufacturing (including raw materials) CNTs are modeled. Similar to nAg, results are segregated and presented based on industries that use CNTs the most. Results showed that as some synthesis processes are more environmentally impactful than others, and industries prefer specific processes to synthesize their nanomaterials, industry-based impacts are not exactly proportional with the industrial shares for nAg and CNTs. Following the cradle-to-gate analysis, in order to incorporate direct (or nano-specific) impacts resulting from nAg release, a physicochemical property-based characterization factor is developed using published mesocosm studies. Lastly, these findings are combined as a case study for silver enabled textiles to evaluate the necessity of nano-specific characterization factors for nAg. The case study results suggested that, calculating nano-specific impacts and incorporating them into the overall LCA results do not make a significant difference for ecotoxicity impact category unless there is a very large quantity of initial silver loading per textile. However, human health related impacts may require more attention because the release phase showed a significant sensitivity for human health LCA impacts. These results suggest the need for developing nAg specific characterization factors for human health (carcinogenics and non-carcinogenics) impact categories to be incorporated into LCA results for more thorough evaluation. While there is a need for further research, this work fills the gap in the body of knowledge surrounding environmental performances of two of the most utilized engineered nanomaterials in consumer products.
Author: Sila Temizel Sekeryan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Engineered nanomaterials have been incorporated into a large number of conventional products in order to solve problems that the world has been facing. However, the current research in this area often overlooks the fact that not only using the end product but also producing it might have significant impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, systems thinking and applying a holistic approach to assess the sustainability performance of these products is critical for decision-making. Global production and consumption of engineered nanomaterials is forecasted to increase significantly due to their applications in modern technologies, which raises concerns regarding their environmental implications. One way to analyze the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials is through life cycle assessment (LCA). This work investigates the cradle-to-grave environmental costs of silver nanoparticles (nAg) and global cradle-to-gate environmental costs of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using LCA and multiple midpoint environmental impact categories in order to provide a holistic assessment. For the nAg case study, environmental performances of thirteen different synthesis routes are evaluated with cradle-to-gate boundaries and a mass based functional unit, and the results are presented in a disaggregated format based on industrial uses of nAg in a global scale. Similarly, for CNTs, the environmental impacts of eight single-walled and seven multi-walled CNTs synthesis processes are evaluated and global scale impacts of manufacturing (including raw materials) CNTs are modeled. Similar to nAg, results are segregated and presented based on industries that use CNTs the most. Results showed that as some synthesis processes are more environmentally impactful than others, and industries prefer specific processes to synthesize their nanomaterials, industry-based impacts are not exactly proportional with the industrial shares for nAg and CNTs. Following the cradle-to-gate analysis, in order to incorporate direct (or nano-specific) impacts resulting from nAg release, a physicochemical property-based characterization factor is developed using published mesocosm studies. Lastly, these findings are combined as a case study for silver enabled textiles to evaluate the necessity of nano-specific characterization factors for nAg. The case study results suggested that, calculating nano-specific impacts and incorporating them into the overall LCA results do not make a significant difference for ecotoxicity impact category unless there is a very large quantity of initial silver loading per textile. However, human health related impacts may require more attention because the release phase showed a significant sensitivity for human health LCA impacts. These results suggest the need for developing nAg specific characterization factors for human health (carcinogenics and non-carcinogenics) impact categories to be incorporated into LCA results for more thorough evaluation. While there is a need for further research, this work fills the gap in the body of knowledge surrounding environmental performances of two of the most utilized engineered nanomaterials in consumer products.
Author: Guido Sonnemann
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429792484
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Life-cycle assessment is a methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service during its life cycle, and risk assessment is a tool to evaluate potential hazards to human health and the environment introduced by pollutant emissions. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals call for, among other objectives, responsible consumption and production by decoupling environmental resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth and human well-being. Life-cycle assessment and risk assessment are both analytical system approaches that allow scientists and other decision makers to address these issues and objectives according to the current understanding of environmental mechanisms. This book is the first attempt to illustrate the existing interfaces between life-cycle assessment and risk assessment and to indicate options for further integration of both tools. The second edition: Focuses on sustainability Considers new developments in life-cycle assessment and environmental risk assessment over the last ten years at the international level Introduces broader concepts and discussions on integrative versus the complementary use of life-cycle and risk assessments Extends the scope of integrated life-cycle and risk assessments to critical raw materials Includes more case studies and discusses engineered nanomaterials Featuring contributions from leading experts, Integrated Life-Cycle and Risk Assessment for Industrial Processes and Products is a great reference for graduate students and professionals in environmental management and intends to catalyze communication between life-cycle assessment and risk assessment experts and scientists in academia, industry, and governmental agencies. The practical format of the book—illustrated with flowcharts, examples, exercises, and concrete applications—makes it a useful manual for analyzing situations and making decisions.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309291860
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 163
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Book Description
Despite the increase in funding for research and the rising numbers of peer-reviewed publications over the past decade that address the environmental, health, and safety aspects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), uncertainty about the implications of potential exposures of consumers, workers, and ecosystems to these materials persists. Consumers and workers want to know which of these materials they are exposed to and whether the materials can harm them. Industry is concerned about being able to predict with sufficient certainty whether products that it makes and markets will pose any environmental, health or safety issues and what measures should be taken regarding manufacturing practices and worldwide distribution to minimize any potential risk. However, there remains a disconnect between the research that is being carried out and its relevance to and use by decision-makers and regulators to make informed public health and environmental policy and regulatory decisions. Research Progress on Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Nanomaterials evaluates research progress and updates research priorities and resource estimates on the basis of results of studies and emerging trends in the nanotechnology industry. This report follows up the 2012 report A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials, which presented a strategic approach for developing the science and research infrastructure needed to address uncertainties regarding the potential environmental, health, and safety risks posed by ENMs. This new report looks at the state of nanotechnology research, examines market and regulatory conditions and their affect on research priorities, and considers the criteria for evaluating research progress on the environmental, health, and safety aspects of nanotechnology.
Author: Jamie R. Lead
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9781444307498
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
An increased understanding of the environmental and human healthimpacts of engineered nanoparticles is essential for theresponsible development of nanotechnology and appropriateevidence-based policy and guidelines for risk assessment.Presenting the latest advances in the field from a variety ofscientific disciplines, this book offers a comprehensive overviewof this challenging, inter-disciplinary research area. Topics covered include: The properties, preparation and applications ofnanomaterials Characterization and analysis of manufacturednanoparticles The fate and behaviour of nanomaterials in aquatic, terrestrialand atmospheric environments Ecotoxicology and human toxicology of manufacturednanoparticles Occupational health and exposure of nanomaterials Risk assessment and global regulatory and policy responses Understanding the behaviour and impacts of nanotechnology in theenvironment and in human health is a daunting task and manyquestions remain to be answered. Environmental and Human HealthImpacts of Nanotechnology will serve as a valuable resource foracademic researchers in nanoscience and nanotechnology,environmental science, materials science and biology, as well asfor scientists in industry, regulators and policy makers.
Author: Baoshan Xing
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119275822
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
Details the source, release, exposure, adsorption, aggregation, bioavailability, transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles found in many common products and applications Covers synthesis, environmental application, detection, and characterization of engineered nanoparticles Details the toxicity and risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles Includes topics on the transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles Presents the latest developments and knowledge of engineered nanoparticles Written by world leading experts from prestigious universities and companies
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309253284
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
The nanotechnology sector, which generated about $225 billion in product sales in 2009, is predicted to expand rapidly over the next decade with the development of new technologies that have new capabilities. The increasing production and use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may lead to greater exposures of workers, consumers, and the environment, and the unique scale-specific and novel properties of the materials raise questions about their potential effects on human health and the environment. Over the last decade, government agencies, academic institutions, industry, and others have conducted many assessments of the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) aspects of nanotechnology. The results of those efforts have helped to direct research on the EHS aspects of ENMs. However, despite the progress in assessing research needs and despite the research that has been funded and conducted, developers, regulators, and consumers of nanotechnology-enabled products remain uncertain about the types and quantities of nanomaterials in commerce or in development, their possible applications, and their associated risks. A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials presents a strategic approach for developing the science and research infrastructure needed to address uncertainties regarding the potential EHS risks of ENMs. The report summarizes the current state of the science and high-priority data gaps on the potential EHS risks posed by ENMs and describes the fundamental tools and approaches needed to pursue an EHS risk research strategy. The report also presents a proposed research agenda, short-term and long-term research priorities, and estimates of needed resources and concludes by focusing on implementation of the research strategy and evaluation of its progress, elements that the committee considered integral to its charge.
Author: Igor Linkov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402094914
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
Many potential questions regarding the risks associated with the development and use of wide-ranging technologies enabled through engineered nanomaterials. For example, with over 600 consumer products available globally, what information exists that describes their risk to human health and the environment? What en- neering or use controls can be deployed to minimize the potential environmental health and safety impacts of nanomaterials throughout the manufacturing and product lifecycles? How can the potential environmental and health benefits of nanotechnology be realized and maximized? The idea for this book was conceived at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on “Nanomaterials: Environmental Risks and Benefits and Emerging Consumer Products. ” This meeting – held in Algarve, Portugal, in April 2008 – started with building a foundation to harmonize risks and benefits associated with nanomaterials to develop risk management approaches and policies. More than 70 experts, from 19 countries, in the fields of risk assessment, decision-analysis, and security discussed the current state-of-knowledge with regard to nanomaterial risk and benefits. The discussion focused on the adequacy of available risk assessment tools to guide nanomaterial applications in industry and risk governance. The workshop had five primary purposes: Describe the potential benefits of nanotechnology enabled commercial products. Identify and describe what is known about environmental and human health risks of nanomaterials and approaches to assess their safety. Assess the suitability of multicriteria decision analysis for reconciling the benefits and risks of nanotechnology.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781523105694
Category : Nanotechnology
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
Author: Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 135104513X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Covering fundamentals through applications, this book discusses environmentally friendly polymer nanocomposites and alternatives to traditional nanocomposites through detailed reviews of a variety of materials procured from different resources, their synthesis, and applications using alternative green approaches. The text: Describes green polymeric nanocomposites that show greater properties in terms of degradability, biocompatibility, synthesis process, cost effectiveness, mechanical strength, high surface area, nontoxicity, and environmental friendliness Explains the basics of eco-friendly polymer nanocomposites from different natural resources and their chemistry Discusses practical applications that present future directions in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and automotive industries This book is aimed at scientists, researchers, and academics working in nanotechnology, biomaterials, polymer science, and those studying products derived from eco-friendly nanomaterials.
Author: Nurxat Nuraje
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849739595
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
Providing up-to-date coverage of green nanomaterials and systems, this book provides comprehensive information on nanostructured materials, including their applications in energy and environmental sciences. The book focusses on photo-active nanostructured materials, from the basic understanding of solar energy activation to their sustainable preparation and applications in environmental remediation and fuel production from biomass and carbon dioxide. It also examines the health and environmental impacts of photo-catalyst nanomaterials. This book is an important reference for researchers and industrial chemists working in the fields of energy and environmental remediation.
