Depositional Successions on Glaciated Continental Margins [microform] : the Cenozoic of Antarctica and the Neoproterozoic of Rodinia PDF Download
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Author: Nicole N. (Nicole Naomi) Januszczak
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612917453
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 956
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Book Description
Part II of this thesis focuses on the sedimentological and stratigraphic evidence for glaciation in the Neoproterozoic. Integrating this analysis with a recent understanding of the tectonic setting of Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins provides a basis for an alternative 'zipper-rift' hypothesis for Neoproterozoic glaciations. The 'zipper-rift' model emphasizes a strong linkage between the first-order reorganisation of the Earth's surface created by rifting of Rodinia, the climatic effects of uplifted rift flanks and the resulting sedimentary record deposited in newly formed rift basins. Neoproterozoic glaciation was regional in extent, strongly controlled by tectonics and diachronous in its timing as Rodinia progressively broke apart over some 150 million years. This thesis is presented in two parts. The first half deals with the Cenozoic glacial record of Antarctica and the second half focuses on the Neoproterozoic glacial record of Rodinia. The glacially-influenced Cenozoic continental margin of Antarctica shows a large-scale subsurface seismic stratigraphy consisting of flat-lying 'topsets' recording episodic aggradation of the continental shelf, that rest on seaward-dipping, wedge-shaped 'foresets' formed by the progradation of the continental slope. Strata from topsets record aggradation by till deposition alternating with glacial-marine sedimentation. Strata from foresets record debris flows and turbidity currents on an active slope close to a source of poorly-sorted glacial debris such as an ice sheet margin reaching the shelf break. The original intention at the commencement of the thesis was to use depositional models derived from Antarctica as 'modern' analogues for Neoproterozoic successions. Critical evaluation of Neoproterozoic successions shows that many are not glacial in origin. Many Neoproterozoic 'glacial' successions have been identified as glacial on the basis of the presence of diamictite facies. Diamictite facies are commonly present within thick turbidite successions and are the product of active rifting and the shedding of poorly sorted debris into rapidly subsiding marine rift basins. The sedimentary record from the continental shelf of Prydz Bay, East Antarctica was examined by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 188. This record constrains the onset of glaciation in Antarctica to the late Eocene (c. 39 Ma) and records an important interval in the history of Antarctica, capturing for the first time the transition from a warmer preglacial climate, through early-glacial, and culminating in continental-scale glaciation of Antarctica.
![Depositional Successions on Glaciated Continental Margins [microform] : the Cenozoic of Antarctica and the Neoproterozoic of Rodinia PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/7QriygAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Nicole N. (Nicole Naomi) Januszczak
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612917453
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 956
Get Book
Book Description
Part II of this thesis focuses on the sedimentological and stratigraphic evidence for glaciation in the Neoproterozoic. Integrating this analysis with a recent understanding of the tectonic setting of Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins provides a basis for an alternative 'zipper-rift' hypothesis for Neoproterozoic glaciations. The 'zipper-rift' model emphasizes a strong linkage between the first-order reorganisation of the Earth's surface created by rifting of Rodinia, the climatic effects of uplifted rift flanks and the resulting sedimentary record deposited in newly formed rift basins. Neoproterozoic glaciation was regional in extent, strongly controlled by tectonics and diachronous in its timing as Rodinia progressively broke apart over some 150 million years. This thesis is presented in two parts. The first half deals with the Cenozoic glacial record of Antarctica and the second half focuses on the Neoproterozoic glacial record of Rodinia. The glacially-influenced Cenozoic continental margin of Antarctica shows a large-scale subsurface seismic stratigraphy consisting of flat-lying 'topsets' recording episodic aggradation of the continental shelf, that rest on seaward-dipping, wedge-shaped 'foresets' formed by the progradation of the continental slope. Strata from topsets record aggradation by till deposition alternating with glacial-marine sedimentation. Strata from foresets record debris flows and turbidity currents on an active slope close to a source of poorly-sorted glacial debris such as an ice sheet margin reaching the shelf break. The original intention at the commencement of the thesis was to use depositional models derived from Antarctica as 'modern' analogues for Neoproterozoic successions. Critical evaluation of Neoproterozoic successions shows that many are not glacial in origin. Many Neoproterozoic 'glacial' successions have been identified as glacial on the basis of the presence of diamictite facies. Diamictite facies are commonly present within thick turbidite successions and are the product of active rifting and the shedding of poorly sorted debris into rapidly subsiding marine rift basins. The sedimentary record from the continental shelf of Prydz Bay, East Antarctica was examined by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 188. This record constrains the onset of glaciation in Antarctica to the late Eocene (c. 39 Ma) and records an important interval in the history of Antarctica, capturing for the first time the transition from a warmer preglacial climate, through early-glacial, and culminating in continental-scale glaciation of Antarctica.
Author: D.P. Le Heron
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1786203979
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
Understanding the sedimentary and geophysical archive of glaciated margins is a complex task that requires integration and analysis of disparate sedimentological and geophysical data. Their analysis is vital for understanding the dynamics of past ice sheets and how they interact with their neighbouring marine basins, on timescales that cannot be captured by observations of the cryosphere today. As resources, sediments deposited on the inner margins of glaciated shelves also exhibit resource potential where more sand-dominated systems occur, acting as reservoirs for both hydrocarbons and water. This book surveys the full gamut of glaciated margins, from deep time (Neoproterozoic, Ordovician and Carboniferous–Permian) to modern high-latitude margins in Canada and Antarctica. This collection of papers is the first attempt to deliberately do this, allowing not only the similarities and differences between modern and ancient glaciated margins to be explored, but also the wide spectrum of their mechanisms of investigation to be probed. Together, these papers offer a high-resolution, spatially and temporally diverse blueprint of the depositional processes, ice sheet dynamics, and basin architectures of the world’s former glaciated margins; a vital resource in advancing understanding of our present and future marine-terminating ice sheet margins.
Author: J. A. Dowdeswell
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 9781862391208
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 398
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Book Description
This book examines the process and patterns of glacier-influenced sedimentation on high-latitude continental margins and the geophysical and geological signatures of the resulting sediments and landforms. It contains a range of papers concerning modern and glacially-influenced sedimentation in high-latitude areas from both hemispheres, many of which discuss the relationship between glacier dynamics and the sediments and landforms preserved in the glacimarine environment.
Author: Noel P. James
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030639827
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This book documents and interprets the onshore Cenozoic temperate carbonate depositional system along the southern margin of Australia. These strata, deposited in four separate basins, together with the extensive modern marine system offshore, comprise the largest such cool-water carbonate system on the globe. The approach is classic and comparative but the information is a synthesis of recent research and new information. A brief section of introduction outlines the setting, modern comparative sedimentology offshore, and structure of the Cenozoic onshore. The core of the book is a detailed analysis and illustration of the four Eocene to Pleistocene successions. Deposits range from temperate carbonates, to biosiliceous spiculites, to marginal marine siliciclastics. Each unit is interpreted, as much as possible, based on our understanding of the modern offshore depositional system. A subsequent part concentrates on diagenesis both before and after the late Miocene uplift. It turns out that alteration in the two packages is entirely different. The preceding attributes of each succession are then interpreted on the basis of controlling factors such as tectonics, oceanography, climate, and glaciation of nearby Antarctica. This research has revealed new implications for the interpretation of specific attributes of cool-water carbonate sedimentology that could only be discovered from the rock record. Insights concerning cyclicity, reef mounds, biosiliceous deposition, and trophic resources are detailed in the next section. The concluding part focuses on global comparisons, especially the Mediterranean and New Zealand.
Author: E.M. Zinderen van Bakker
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000108198
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
This book, based on the proceedings of third symposium held on 17th August 1977 during the Xth INQUA Congress at Birmingham, UK, focuses on the influence the Antarctic glaciation had on world palaeoenvironments.
Author: S.L. Harley
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1862393672
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Antarctica preserves a rock record that spans three and a half billion years of history and has a remarkable story to tell about the evolution of our Earth, from the hottest crustal rocks yet found in an orogenic system, to the assembly and breakup of Gondwana in the Phanerozoic. This volume highlights our improved understanding of the tectonic events that have shaped Antarctica and how these potentially relate to supercontinent assembly and fragmentation. The internal constitution of the East Antarctic Shield is assessed using information available from the basement geology and from detritus preserved as Mesozoic sediments in the Trans Antarctic Mountains. Accretionary orogenesis along the proto-Pacific margin of Antarctica is examined and the volumes of intracrustal melting compared with juvenile magma additions in these complex orogenic systems assessed. This special volume demonstrates the diversity of approaches required to elucidate and understand crustal evolution and evaluate the supercontinent concept.
Author: Alan Vaughan
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 9781862391796
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
The Australide orogen, the southern hemisphere Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic terrane accretionary orogen that forms the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana, is one of the largest and longest-lived orogens on Earth. This book brings together a series of reviews and multidisciplinary research papers that comprehensively cover the Australides from the Tasman orogen of eastern Australia to the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic orogens of South America, taking in New Zealand and Antarctica along the way. It deals with the evolution of the southern Gondwana margin, as it grew during a series of terrane accretion episodes from the late Proterozoic through to final fragmentation in mid-Cretaceous times. Global perspectives are given by comparison with the Palaeozoic northern Gondwana margin and documentation of world-wide terrane accretion episodes in the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and mid-Cretaceous. The Tasmanides of eastern Australia, and the terrane histories of New Zealand and southern South America are given comprehensive up-to-date reviews.
Author: Emmanuelle Arnaud
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 9781862393349
Category : Geology, Stratigraphic
Languages : en
Pages : 750
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Book Description
In recent years, interest in Neoproterozoic glaciations has grown as their pivotal role in Earth system evolution has become increasingly clear. One of the main goals of the IGCP Project number 512 was to produce a synthesis of newly available information on Neoproterozoic successions worldwide. This Memoir consists of a series of overview chapters followed by site-specific chapters. The overviews cover key topics including the history of research on Neoproterozoic glaciations, identification of glacial deposits, chemostratigraphic techniques and datasets, palaeomagnetism, biostratigraphy, geochronology and climate modelling. The site specific chapters include reviews of the history of research on these rocks and up-to-date syntheses of the structural framework, tectonic setting, palaeomagnetic & geochronological constraints, physical, biological, and chemical stratigraphy, and descriptions of the glaciogenic and associated strata, including economic deposits.
Author: Nat Rutter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400743998
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Book Description
Improved dating methods have increased our ability to more precisely determine the timing and durations of glaciations. Utilizing glacial and loess deposits, we have compared glaciations that occurred in North and South America in order to determine if events are synchronous or not, to explore forcing mechanisms, and to compare glaciations with cold periods of the Marine Oxygen Isotope stages and the loess/paleosol records of China. Stratigraphic sections containing a variety of glacial deposits, some with interbedded volcanics, as well as loess deposits, were used in reconstructing the glacial history. The Late Pleistocene (Brunhes Chron) Last Glacial Maximum is recognized in mountain and continental areas of North America but only in the mountains of South America. Commonly our comparisons indicate roughly synchronous glaciations on the two continents, whereas other glaciations are more elusive and difficult to compare. Although our comparisons are at low resolutions, the results suggest that Milankovitch forcing is most likely the dominant trigger for hemispheric glaciation modified by local factors.
Author: John B. Anderson
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN: 9780875907345
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Special Publications Series. Tectonic, Climatic, and Cryospheric Evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula presents the analysis of data collected during the SHALDRIL program, which sampled the most complete Cenozoic stratigraphic section in the Antarctic Peninsula. The stratigraphic intervals sampled fill major gaps in the existing stratigraphic record in the region, which is believed to have been the last place in Antarctica to become fully glaciated and, as such, the last refugium for plants and animals living on the continent. Providing previously unpublished results from studies aimed at improving our understanding of the changes in climate, glacial setting, and fauna and flora that took place over the past 30 million years, the volume highlights include discussions of marine seismic and drill core records documenting the initial growth and expansion of an ice sheet across the northernmost Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf in the northwestern Weddell Sea. The book features: Detailed vegetation and phytoplankton evolution from greenhouse through icehouse conditions in Antarctica's last refugium Sand grain texture and micromorphology indicating ice sheet control of weathering style Exhumational history around the Drake Passage margins from thermochronology and sediment provenance Comprehensive review of the opening of the ocean passageway between Antarctica and South America and the associated regional tectonics. Tectonic, Climatic, and Cryospheric Evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula will be of interest to geologists, climatologists, and glaciologists interested in climate and cryosphere evolution and those factors that regulate it.
