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Author: Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Publisher: National Geographic Books
ISBN: 026266058X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The question, "What is Cognitive Science?" is often asked but seldom answered to anyone's satisfaction. Until now, most of the answers have come from the new breed of philosophers of mind. This book, however, is written by a distinguished psychologist and computer scientist who is well-known for his work on the conceptual foundations of cognitive science, and especially for his research on mental imagery, representation, and perception. In Computation and Cognition, Pylyshyn argues that computation must not be viewed as just a convenient metaphor for mental activity, but as a literal empirical hypothesis. Such a view must face a number of serious challenges. For example, it must address the question of "strong equivalents" of processes, and must empirically distinguish between phenomena which reveal what knowledge the organism has, phenomena which reveal properties of the biologically determined "functional architecture" of the mind. The principles and ideas Pylyshyn develops are applied to a number of contentious areas of cognitive science, including theories of vision and mental imagery. In illuminating such timely theoretical problems, he draws on insights from psychology, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and psychology of mind. A Bradford Book
Author: Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Publisher: National Geographic Books
ISBN: 026266058X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The question, "What is Cognitive Science?" is often asked but seldom answered to anyone's satisfaction. Until now, most of the answers have come from the new breed of philosophers of mind. This book, however, is written by a distinguished psychologist and computer scientist who is well-known for his work on the conceptual foundations of cognitive science, and especially for his research on mental imagery, representation, and perception. In Computation and Cognition, Pylyshyn argues that computation must not be viewed as just a convenient metaphor for mental activity, but as a literal empirical hypothesis. Such a view must face a number of serious challenges. For example, it must address the question of "strong equivalents" of processes, and must empirically distinguish between phenomena which reveal what knowledge the organism has, phenomena which reveal properties of the biologically determined "functional architecture" of the mind. The principles and ideas Pylyshyn develops are applied to a number of contentious areas of cognitive science, including theories of vision and mental imagery. In illuminating such timely theoretical problems, he draws on insights from psychology, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and psychology of mind. A Bradford Book
Author: Stephan Lewandowsky
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1452236194
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
An accessible introduction to the principles of computational and mathematical modeling in psychology and cognitive science This practical and readable work provides students and researchers, who are new to cognitive modeling, with the background and core knowledge they need to interpret published reports, and develop and apply models of their own. The book is structured to help readers understand the logic of individual component techniques and their relationships to each other.
Author: Pradeep Kumar Mallick
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030481182
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
This edited book designs the Cognitive Computing in Human Cognition to analyze to improve the efficiency of decision making by cognitive intelligence. The book is also intended to attract the audience who work in brain computing, deep learning, transportation, and solar cell energy. Due to this in the recent era, smart methods with human touch called as human cognition is adopted by many researchers in the field of information technology with the Cognitive Computing.
Author: Simon Farrell
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110710999X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 485
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Book Description
This book presents an integrated framework for developing and testing computational models in psychology and related disciplines. Researchers and students are given the knowledge and tools to interpret models published in their area, as well as to develop, fit, and test their own models.
Author: Randall C. O'Reilly
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262650540
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Book Description
This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the computational cognitive neuroscience. The goal of computational cognitive neuroscience is to understand how the brain embodies the mind by using biologically based computational models comprising networks of neuronlike units. This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the field. The neural units in the simulations use equations based directly on the ion channels that govern the behavior of real neurons, and the neural networks incorporate anatomical and physiological properties of the neocortex. Thus the text provides the student with knowledge of the basic biology of the brain as well as the computational skills needed to simulate large-scale cognitive phenomena. The text consists of two parts. The first part covers basic neural computation mechanisms: individual neurons, neural networks, and learning mechanisms. The second part covers large-scale brain area organization and cognitive phenomena: perception and attention, memory, language, and higher-level cognition. The second part is relatively self-contained and can be used separately for mechanistically oriented cognitive neuroscience courses. Integrated throughout the text are more than forty different simulation models, many of them full-scale research-grade models, with friendly interfaces and accompanying exercises. The simulation software (PDP++, available for all major platforms) and simulations can be downloaded free of charge from the Web. Exercise solutions are available, and the text includes full information on the software.
Author: Adrian Brasoveanu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303031846X
Category : Language and languages
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
This open access book introduces a general framework that allows natural language researchers to enhance existing competence theories with fully specified performance and processing components. Gradually developing increasingly complex and cognitively realistic competence-performance models, it provides running code for these models and shows how to fit them to real-time experimental data. This computational cognitive modeling approach opens up exciting new directions for research in formal semantics, and linguistics more generally, and offers new ways of (re)connecting semantics and the broader field of cognitive science. The approach of this book is novel in more ways than one. Assuming the mental architecture and procedural modalities of Anderson's ACT-R framework, it presents fine-grained computational models of human language processing tasks which make detailed quantitative predictions that can be checked against the results of self-paced reading and other psycho-linguistic experiments. All models are presented as computer programs that readers can run on their own computer and on inputs of their choice, thereby learning to design, program and run their own models. But even for readers who won't do all that, the book will show how such detailed, quantitatively predicting modeling of linguistic processes is possible. A methodological breakthrough and a must for anyone concerned about the future of linguistics! (Hans Kamp) This book constitutes a major step forward in linguistics and psycholinguistics. It constitutes a unique synthesis of several different research traditions: computational models of psycholinguistic processes, and formal models of semantics and discourse processing. The work also introduces a sophisticated python-based software environment for modeling linguistic processes. This book has the potential to revolutionize not only formal models of linguistics, but also models of language processing more generally. (Shravan Vasishth) .
Author: Judith S. Hurwitz
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118896785
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
A comprehensive guide to learning technologies that unlock thevalue in big data Cognitive Computing provides detailed guidance towardbuilding a new class of systems that learn from experience andderive insights to unlock the value of big data. This book helpstechnologists understand cognitive computing's underlyingtechnologies, from knowledge representation techniques and naturallanguage processing algorithms to dynamic learning approaches basedon accumulated evidence, rather than reprogramming. Detailed caseexamples from the financial, healthcare, and manufacturing walkreaders step-by-step through the design and testing of cognitivesystems, and expert perspectives from organizations such asCleveland Clinic, Memorial Sloan-Kettering, as well as commercialvendors that are creating solutions. These organizations provideinsight into the real-world implementation of cognitive computingsystems. The IBM Watson cognitive computing platform is describedin a detailed chapter because of its significance in helping todefine this emerging market. In addition, the book includesimplementations of emerging projects from Qualcomm, Hitachi, Googleand Amazon. Today's cognitive computing solutions build on establishedconcepts from artificial intelligence, natural language processing,ontologies, and leverage advances in big data management andanalytics. They foreshadow an intelligent infrastructure thatenables a new generation of customer and context-aware smartapplications in all industries. Cognitive Computing is a comprehensive guide to thesubject, providing both the theoretical and practical guidancetechnologists need. Discover how cognitive computing evolved from promise toreality Learn the elements that make up a cognitive computingsystem Understand the groundbreaking hardware and softwaretechnologies behind cognitive computing Learn to evaluate your own application portfolio to find thebest candidates for pilot projects Leverage cognitive computing capabilities to transform theorganization Cognitive systems are rightly being hailed as the new era ofcomputing. Learn how these technologies enable emerging firms tocompete with entrenched giants, and forward-thinking establishedfirms to disrupt their industries. Professionals who currently workwith big data and analytics will see how cognitive computing buildson their foundation, and creates new opportunities. CognitiveComputing provides complete guidance to this new level ofhuman-machine interaction.
Author: Samuel Gershman
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691225990
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
How a computational framework can account for the successes and failures of human cognition At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. What Makes Us Smart makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition. Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, Gershman presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, Gershman demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors. Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, What Makes Us Smart delves into the successes and failures of cognition.
Author: Michael A. Arbib
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262335271
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 808
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Book Description
A comprehensive, integrated, and accessible textbook presenting core neuroscientific topics from a computational perspective, tracing a path from cells and circuits to behavior and cognition. This textbook presents a wide range of subjects in neuroscience from a computational perspective. It offers a comprehensive, integrated introduction to core topics, using computational tools to trace a path from neurons and circuits to behavior and cognition. Moreover, the chapters show how computational neuroscience—methods for modeling the causal interactions underlying neural systems—complements empirical research in advancing the understanding of brain and behavior. The chapters—all by leaders in the field, and carefully integrated by the editors—cover such subjects as action and motor control; neuroplasticity, neuromodulation, and reinforcement learning; vision; and language—the core of human cognition. The book can be used for advanced undergraduate or graduate level courses. It presents all necessary background in neuroscience beyond basic facts about neurons and synapses and general ideas about the structure and function of the human brain. Students should be familiar with differential equations and probability theory, and be able to pick up the basics of programming in MATLAB and/or Python. Slides, exercises, and other ancillary materials are freely available online, and many of the models described in the chapters are documented in the brain operation database, BODB (which is also described in a book chapter). Contributors Michael A. Arbib, Joseph Ayers, James Bednar, Andrej Bicanski, James J. Bonaiuto, Nicolas Brunel, Jean-Marie Cabelguen, Carmen Canavier, Angelo Cangelosi, Richard P. Cooper, Carlos R. Cortes, Nathaniel Daw, Paul Dean, Peter Ford Dominey, Pierre Enel, Jean-Marc Fellous, Stefano Fusi, Wulfram Gerstner, Frank Grasso, Jacqueline A. Griego, Ziad M. Hafed, Michael E. Hasselmo, Auke Ijspeert, Stephanie Jones, Daniel Kersten, Jeremie Knuesel, Owen Lewis, William W. Lytton, Tomaso Poggio, John Porrill, Tony J. Prescott, John Rinzel, Edmund Rolls, Jonathan Rubin, Nicolas Schweighofer, Mohamed A. Sherif, Malle A. Tagamets, Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Nathan Vierling-Claasen, Xiao-Jing Wang, Christopher Williams, Ransom Winder, Alan L. Yuille
Author: Ron Sun
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521674107
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 767
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Book Description
A cutting-edge reference source for the interdisciplinary field of computational cognitive modeling.
