Arterial Aging and Age-Associated Arterial Diseases PDF Download
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Author: Mingyi Wang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889456927
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
The underlying mechanisms behind aging has long been a great scientific mystery that the biomedical research community has long studied. In developed nations, as the population grows older, increases in life expectancy is increasingly limited by our relatively poor control of chronic aging-associated diseases such as arterial aging. Among age-related conditions that negatively influence longevity. Growing evidence demonstrates that arterial aging is fundamentally caused by a proinflammatory process that begins at birth and results in detrimental effects that affects every organ system. Vascular aging is the leading risk factor for quintessential cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. With aging, vascular walls develop a pro-inflammatory and stressed microenvironment characterized by both an upregulation of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines as well as a down-regulation anti-inflammatory counterparts. This chronic imbalance in inflammatory regulatory networks is the key driver of changes at the cellular and molecular level that result in hypertensive and atherosclerotic arterial. Thus, an intervention of proinflammation may be a viable therapeutic intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. In this eBook, we aim to supply an updated overview of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that affect inflammation and vascular aging. We believe that this eBook will contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of many chronic or age-related diseases, as well as to their treatment with both current and new therapeutic approaches.
Author: Mingyi Wang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889456927
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
Get Book
Book Description
The underlying mechanisms behind aging has long been a great scientific mystery that the biomedical research community has long studied. In developed nations, as the population grows older, increases in life expectancy is increasingly limited by our relatively poor control of chronic aging-associated diseases such as arterial aging. Among age-related conditions that negatively influence longevity. Growing evidence demonstrates that arterial aging is fundamentally caused by a proinflammatory process that begins at birth and results in detrimental effects that affects every organ system. Vascular aging is the leading risk factor for quintessential cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. With aging, vascular walls develop a pro-inflammatory and stressed microenvironment characterized by both an upregulation of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines as well as a down-regulation anti-inflammatory counterparts. This chronic imbalance in inflammatory regulatory networks is the key driver of changes at the cellular and molecular level that result in hypertensive and atherosclerotic arterial. Thus, an intervention of proinflammation may be a viable therapeutic intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. In this eBook, we aim to supply an updated overview of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that affect inflammation and vascular aging. We believe that this eBook will contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of many chronic or age-related diseases, as well as to their treatment with both current and new therapeutic approaches.
Author: Pedro Guimarães Cunha
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443155135
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 772
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Book Description
Early Vascular Aging (EVA): New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection, Second Edition continues to be the most comprehensive and authoritative resource on premature alterations in artery structure and function. The book presents a novel approach to the problem of cardiovascular disease, showing it in relation to great vessels disease and revealing a comprehensive approach to the problem of increased rigidity of the great vessels, its causes, and further consequences. This second edition contains completely updated content with expanded coverage of basic and translational research, systematic reviews of the most prominent literature, discussion of applicability of new evidence and more. Written by an international team of clinicians and researchers, this is a valuable resource to basic and translational scientists, clinical researchers and clinicians in the cardiovascular field interested in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EVA. Contains all the relevant information available on the main paradigm shifts in vascular aging research, from different fields of knowledge (from basic biology to epidemiology) Reviews the most prominent evidence produced on early vascular aging (EVA), highlighting recent research advances, clinical applications, and research opportunities Formulates, in each chapter, a set of research questions that need to be addressed, challenging the vast research community to take on new directions and collaborations
Author: Elisabet Vila
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 2889190528
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
The increasing mean age of the population in developed countries has turned out to be an economic and social problem. Cardiovascular disease has long been considered to be age related in terms of their onset and progression. As such, we can say that the increase in life expectancy goes in parallel with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. With age, a number of changes occur in the vasculature altering the homeostasis of the irrigated organs promoting target organ damage. While different adaptive mechanisms to protect vessels against mild stress have been described, the aging process induces a progressive failure of protective mechanisms, leading to vascular changes and higher susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, vascular aging is exacerbated by coexisting cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Compelling evidence indicates that diminished endothelial relaxation and increase, decrease, or no change in contractile responses to several agonists is associated with aging. There is an increase of vasoconstrictor factors expression and a decrease of vasodilators. Morphologic changes include lumen diameter enlargement, wall thickening and alterations of matrix substances as increased collagen or decreased elastin deposition, ultimately leading to greater arterial stiffening (reduced compliance). Importantly, arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cellular and molecular mechanisms have also been documented. Senescence at the cellular level involves alterations in Ca2+ signaling and down regulation of anti-aging proteins. Both endothelial and smooth muscle cells change their number, morphology, function and their regenerative ability. Aging is also associated with a gradual loss of antioxidant defense mechanisms, a proinflammatory shift in the cytokine expression profile and a production of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide (O2-) that promotes the breakdown of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide and O2- interact to form peroxynitrite known to nitrosylate proteins affecting their physiological function. However, vascular wall proteins may also suffer from other potentially deleterious modifications as glycation (Maillard reaction) and glyco-oxidative reactions with increasing age, which could be linked to the age-associated changes in vascular function. Various strategies have shown benefit in preventing, delaying or attenuating vascular aging. For instance, a healthy lifestyle including low fat diet and/or exercise have a favorable effect. Nevertheless, it yet remains to be fully demonstrated whether vascular aging can be pharmacologically prevented. This Research Topic is intended to bring together research efforts to understand the causes and consequences of vascular aging and propose new therapeutic strategies for the management of vascular senescence.
Author: Peter M Nilsson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128016760
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Early Vascular Aging (EVA): New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection brings together the last decade of research related to the characterization of EVA, as well as the predictive power of pulse wave velocity (PWV). The book presents a novel approach to the problem of cardiovascular disease, showing it in relation to great vessels disease and revealing a comprehensive approach to the problem of increased rigidity of the great vessels, its causes, and further consequences. Information provided is accompanied by online access to a supplemental website with video clips of anatomic specimens, cardiac imaging, and surgical procedures. Introduces the latest information on early vascular aging (EVA), complete with summaries of recent evidence and guidelines for relevant risk factor control Ideal reference for the study of vascular aging, pulse wave velocity, arteriosclerosis, EVA, arterial stiffness, vascular, PWV biomarkers, and cardiovascular disease Contains all the relevant information available from different fields of knowledge (from basic biology to epidemiology) in regard to EVA Provides evidence that leads to a new target for interventions, early vascular aging (EVA) in subjects with early onset increased arterial stiffness Includes online access to a supplemental website with video clips of anatomic specimens, cardiac imaging, and surgical procedures
Author: Adel Berbari
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319145568
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
As our knowledge about arterial disease is greatly expanding, the aim of this book is to explore all aspects of arterial pathology, including classification, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and therapeutic options. The discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms of arterial disease is wide ranging, encompassing hemodynamic, metabolic, humoral, inflammatory, genetic and environmental factors. Particular emphasis is placed on recent concepts, such as: the role of age-associated arterial alterations in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases in older persons, the importance of mineral metabolism-bone vascular interactions, the clinical and prognostic significance of the renal resistive index, retinal circulation, toxemia of pregnancy as an arterial disease, and the role of pulmonary/vascular interaction in pulmonary hypertension and cross-talk of macrocirculation and microcirculation in target organ involvement. Evaluation procedures are carefully explained, and the full range of currently available therapeutic options, including lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic approaches, are described and appraised.
Author: Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108641431
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 969
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Book Description
Recent studies show that more people than ever before are reaching old age in better health and enjoying that health for a longer time. This Handbook outlines the latest discoveries in the study of aging from bio-medicine, psychology, and socio-demography. It treats the study of aging as a multidisciplinary scientific subject, since it requires the interplay of broad disciplines, while offering high motivation, positive attitudes, and behaviors for aging well, and lifestyle changes that will help people to stay healthier across life span and in old age. Written by leading scholars from various academic disciplines, the chapters delve into the most topical aspects of aging today - including biological mechanisms of aging, aging with health, active and productive aging, aging with satisfaction, aging with respect, and aging with dignity. Aimed at health professionals as well as general readers, this Cambridge Handbook offers a new, positive approach to later life.
Author: Helena Lenasi
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789842530
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
The endothelium enables communication between blood and tissues and is actively involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as an early step in the development of cardiovascular diseases: respectively, endothelium represents a potential therapeutic niche with multiple targets. The purpose of the book is to point out some recent findings of endothelial physiology and pathophysiology emphasizing various aspects of endothelial dysfunction connected to the body's internal and external environment. While basic features of the endothelium are presented in an introductory chapter, the authors of the following 17 chapters have provided extensive insight into some selected topics of endothelial (dys)function. The book would hopefully be useful for anyone interested in recapitulating endothelial (patho)physiology and expanding knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction, relevant also for further clinical investigations.
Author: Caroline McNeil
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aging
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Author: Michel Félétou
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Author: Michel Safar
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0444517588
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Book Description
Main headings: I. Basic concepts of pulsatile arterial hemodynamics. - II. Pathophysiological mechanisms. - III. Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, cardiovascular risk and end-organ damage. - IV. Clinical aspects of arterial stiffness and wave reflections. - V. Therapeutic aspects of arterial stiffness and wave reflections.
