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Author: National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Science and Public Policy
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Research, Industrial
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
Author: National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Science and Public Policy
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Research, Industrial
Languages : en
Pages : 448
Get Book
Book Description
Author: U.s. national academy of sciences
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Donald E. Stokes
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 9780815719076
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Over fifty years ago, Vannevar Bush released his enormously influential report, Science, the Endless Frontier, which asserted a dichotomy between basic and applied science. This view was at the core of the compact between government and science that led to the golden age of scientific research after World War II—a compact that is currently under severe stress. In this book, Donald Stokes challenges Bush's view and maintains that we can only rebuild the relationship between government and the scientific community when we understand what is wrong with that view. Stokes begins with an analysis of the goals of understanding and use in scientific research. He recasts the widely accepted view of the tension between understanding and use, citing as a model case the fundamental yet use-inspired studies by which Louis Pasteur laid the foundations of microbiology a century ago. Pasteur worked in the era of the "second industrial revolution," when the relationship between basic science and technological change assumed its modern form. Over subsequent decades, technology has been increasingly science-based. But science has been increasingly technology-based--with the choice of problems and the conduct of research often inspired by societal needs. An example is the work of the quantum-effects physicists who are probing the phenomena revealed by the miniaturization of semiconductors from the time of the transistor's discovery after World War II. On this revised, interactive view of science and technology, Stokes builds a convincing case that by recognizing the importance of use-inspired basic research we can frame a new compact between science and government. His conclusions have major implications for both the scientific and policy communities and will be of great interest to those in the broader public who are troubled by the current role of basic science in American democracy.
Author: David Kaldewey
Publisher: Berghahn Books
ISBN: 178533901X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
The distinction between basic and applied research was central to twentieth-century science and policymaking, and if this framework has been contested in recent years, it nonetheless remains ubiquitous in both scientific and public discourse. Employing a transnational, diachronic perspective informed by historical semantics, this volume traces the conceptual history of the basic–applied distinction from the nineteenth century to today, taking stock of European developments alongside comparative case studies from the United States and China. It shows how an older dichotomy of pure and applied science was reconceived in response to rapid scientific progress and then further transformed by the geopolitical circumstances of the postwar era.
Author: P. Kroes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401580103
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Historians and philosophers of technology are searching for new approaches to the study of the interaction between science and technology. New conceptual frameworks are necessary since the idea that technology is simply applied science is nothing short of a myth. The papers contained in this volume deal primarily with cognitive and social aspects of the science-technology issue. One of the most salient features of these papers is that they show a major methodological shift in studying the interaction between science and technology. Discussions of the science-technology issue have long been dominated by the demarcartion problem and related semantic issues about the notions `science' and `technology', and the `technology is applied science' thesis. Instead of general `global' interpretation schemes and models of the interaction between science and technology, detailed empirical case studies of cognitive and institutional connections between `science' and `technology' constitute the hard core of this book. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science, historians and philosophers of technology and science and sociologists of science.
Author: Venkatesh Narayanamurti
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674974158
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
Using Nobel Prize–winning examples like the transistor, laser, and magnetic resonance imaging, Venky Narayanamurti and Tolu Odumosu explore the daily micro-practices of research and show that distinctions between the search for knowledge and creative problem solving break down when one pays attention to how pathbreaking research actually happens.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309164737
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
In October 2003 the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the National Research Council (NRC) entered into a cooperative agreement. The agreement called for the NRC to examine selected aspects of U.S. foreign assistance activities-primarily the programs of the USAID-that have benefited or could benefit from access to strong science, technology, and medical capabilities in the United States or elsewhere. After considering the many aspects of the role of science and technology (S&T) in foreign assistance, the study led to the publication of The Fundamental Role of Science and Technology in International Development. In the book special attention is devoted to partnerships that involve the USAID together with international, regional, U.S. governmental, and private sector organizations in fields such as heath care, agriculture and nutrition, education and job creation, and energy and the environment. This book explores specific programmatic, organizational, and personnel reforms that would increase the effective use of S&T to meet the USAID's goals while supporting larger U.S. foreign policy objectives.
Author: Jon Sigurdson
Publisher: Pergamon
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Monograph reviewing trends in technological change and science policy in China - describes research and development, organization of research, education and training, in context with environmental protection, mass science, electronics and related aspects of new technology, and includes a directory of research centres. Bibliography pp. 159 to 166, diagrams, graphs, maps, photographs and statistical tables.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309100399
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 590
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Book Description
In a world where advanced knowledge is widespread and low-cost labor is readily available, U.S. advantages in the marketplace and in science and technology have begun to erode. A comprehensive and coordinated federal effort is urgently needed to bolster U.S. competitiveness and pre-eminence in these areas. This congressionally requested report by a pre-eminent committee makes four recommendations along with 20 implementation actions that federal policy-makers should take to create high-quality jobs and focus new science and technology efforts on meeting the nation's needs, especially in the area of clean, affordable energy: 1) Increase America's talent pool by vastly improving K-12 mathematics and science education; 2) Sustain and strengthen the nation's commitment to long-term basic research; 3) Develop, recruit, and retain top students, scientists, and engineers from both the U.S. and abroad; and 4) Ensure that the United States is the premier place in the world for innovation. Some actions will involve changing existing laws, while others will require financial support that would come from reallocating existing budgets or increasing them. Rising Above the Gathering Storm will be of great interest to federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, public decision makers, research sponsors, regulatory analysts, and scholars.
Author: Gennadiĭ Efremovich Zaikov
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781631171017
Category : Biochemistry
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The editors and contributors of this volume will be quite pleased if the readers can understand and accept the contents and ideas of this monograph. In this book, we decided to include information about the synthesis and investigation properties of epoxy containing compounds and composite materials on their basis, such as: hydrosilylation reactions of polymethylhydrosiloxane with acrylates and methacrylates and solid polymer electrolyte membranes on their basis; biodegradable binary and ternary blends of cellulose and ethyl cellulose with synthetic and natural polymers; biodetoxication of aroma.
