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Author: Eric Steinhart
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401596549
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
1. Metaphors and Logic Metaphors are among the most vigorous offspring of the creative mind; but their vitality springs from the fact that they are logical organisms in the ecology of l- guage. I aim to use logical techniques to analyze the meanings of metaphors. My goal here is to show how contemporary formal semantics can be extended to handle metaphorical utterances. What distinguishes this work is that it focuses intensely on the logical aspects of metaphors. I stress the role of logic in the generation and int- pretation of metaphors. While I don't presuppose any formal training in logic, some familiarity with philosophical logic (the propositional calculus and the predicate c- culus) is helpful. Since my theory makes great use of the notion of structure, I refer to it as the structural theory of m etaphor (STM). STM is a semant ic theory of m etaphor : if STM is correct, then metaphors are cognitively meaningful and are n- trivially logically linked with truth. I aim to extend possible worlds semantics to handle metaphors. I'll argue that some sentences in natural languages like English have multiple meanings: "Juliet is the sun" has (at least) two meanings: the literal meaning "(Juliet is the sunkIT" and the metaphorical meaning "(Juliet is the sun)MET". Each meaning is a function from (possible) worlds to truth-values. I deny that these functions are identical; I deny that the metaphorical function is necessarily false or necessarily true.
Author: Eric Steinhart
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401596549
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Get Book
Book Description
1. Metaphors and Logic Metaphors are among the most vigorous offspring of the creative mind; but their vitality springs from the fact that they are logical organisms in the ecology of l- guage. I aim to use logical techniques to analyze the meanings of metaphors. My goal here is to show how contemporary formal semantics can be extended to handle metaphorical utterances. What distinguishes this work is that it focuses intensely on the logical aspects of metaphors. I stress the role of logic in the generation and int- pretation of metaphors. While I don't presuppose any formal training in logic, some familiarity with philosophical logic (the propositional calculus and the predicate c- culus) is helpful. Since my theory makes great use of the notion of structure, I refer to it as the structural theory of m etaphor (STM). STM is a semant ic theory of m etaphor : if STM is correct, then metaphors are cognitively meaningful and are n- trivially logically linked with truth. I aim to extend possible worlds semantics to handle metaphors. I'll argue that some sentences in natural languages like English have multiple meanings: "Juliet is the sun" has (at least) two meanings: the literal meaning "(Juliet is the sunkIT" and the metaphorical meaning "(Juliet is the sun)MET". Each meaning is a function from (possible) worlds to truth-values. I deny that these functions are identical; I deny that the metaphorical function is necessarily false or necessarily true.
Author: Earl R. Mac Cormac
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
In this book, Earl Mac Cormac presents an original and unified cognitive theory of metaphor using philosophical arguments which draw upon evidence from psychological experiments and theories. He notes that implications of this theory for meaning and truth with specific attention to metaphor as a speech act, the iconic meaning of metaphor, and the development of a four-valued system of truth. Numerous examples of metaphor from poetry and science are presented and analyzed to support Mac Cormac's theory."A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor takes up three levels of explanation--metaphor as expressed in surface language, the semantics of metaphor, and metaphor as a cogitive process--and unifies these by interpreting metaphor as an evolutionary knowledge process in which metaphors mediate between minds and culture. Mac Cormac considers, and rejects, the radical theory that all use of language is metaphorical; however, this argument also recognizes that the "theory of metaphor may itself be metaphorical.The book first considers the computational metaphor often adopted by cognitive psychology as an example of metaphor requiring analysis. In contrast to three well-known philosophical theories of metaphor - the tension theory, the controversion theory, and the grammatical deviance theory - it develops a semantical anomaly theory of metaphor based on a quasi-mathematical hierarchy of words. In developing the theory, Mac Cormac makes much-needed connections between theories of metaphor and more orthodox analytic philosophy of meaning, including discussions of speech acts and the logic of fuzzy sets. This semantical theory of explanation is then shown to be compatible with contemporary psychologicaltheories of memory.Earl R. MacCormac is Charles A. Dana Professor of Philosophy and Chairman of the Department of Philosophy, Davidson College. A Bradford Book.
Author: Marcel Danesi
Publisher: Madison, WI : Atwood Pub.
ISBN: 9781891859496
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Homo sapiens is a "meaning-producing" species. The ability of our minds to create these meanings is termed poetic logic. The use of metaphor to create and communicate ideas is so commonplace and pervasive as to go unnoticed. We no longer are aware that a metaphor is truly a metaphor because it is so entrenched. These metaphors permeate our thought processes, are exemplified in our language, and are reflective of our cultures.
Author: Eva Feder Kittay
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198242468
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive philosophical theory which explains the cognitive contribution of metaphor. The argument is illustrated with analysis of metaphors from literature, philosophy, science, and everyday language.
Author: Eric Steinhart
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789401596558
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Author: John Briggs
Publisher: University Press of America
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Selected poems are explicated by analyzing their uses of metaphor and metaphoric device. The first two chapters of this introductory textbook are devoted to an explanation of what the authors call metaphoric eye. metaphoric models. The two concluding chapters focus on advanced poetry and then address the question of what makes a poem good or bad. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Jaakko Hintikka
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401583153
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Metaphor is one of the most frequently evoked but at the same time most poorly understood concepts in philosophy and literary theory. In recent years, several interesting approaches to metaphor have been presented or outlined. In this volume, authors of some of the most important new approaches re-present their views or illustrate them by means of applications, thus allowing the reader to survey some of the prominent ongoing developments in this field. These authors include Robert Fogelin, Susan Haack, Jaakko Hintikka (with Gabriel Sandu), Bipin Indurkhya and Eva Kittay (with Eric Steinhart). Their stance is in the main constructive rather than critical; but frequent comparisons of different views further facilitate the reader's overview. In the other contributions, metaphor is related to the problems of visual representation (Noël Carroll), to the open class test (Avishai Margalit and Naomi Goldblum) as well as to Wittgenstein's idea of 'a way of life' (E.M. Zemach).
Author: George Lakoff
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226470997
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are "metaphors we live by"—metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them. In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson's influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.
Author: Terrell Carver
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134114699
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Until a century ago, a metaphor was just a mere figure of speech, but since the development of discourse analysis a metaphor has become more than merely incidental to the content of the arguments or findings. Students and scholars in political studies know the importance of metaphors in electoral and policy-related politics, coming across metaphors that are, knowingly or unknowingly, influencing our perception of politics. This book is the first to develop new methodological approaches to understand and analyse the use of metaphor in political science and international relations. It does this by: Combining theory with case studies in order to advance substantive work in politics and international relations that focuses on metaphor Expands the range of empirical case studies that employ this category descriptively and also in explanatory logic Advances research that investigates the role of metaphor in empirical and discourse-based methodologies, thus building on results from other disciplines, notably linguistics and hermeneutic philosophy. This innovative study will be of interest to students and researchers of politics, international relations and communication studies.
Author: Stanley Raffel
Publisher: Intellect (UK)
ISBN: 9781783200146
Category : Logic
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Proposes that the interminable nature of many controversies suggests there is a problem with the syllogism, a main tool of logic. Using examples from both literary material and current debates, argues that metaphors are not just aesthetic tools but can be used to judge phenomena.
