The Effect of Education System and School Characteristics on the Gender Gap in Competencies PDF Download
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Author: Laura Zapfe
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 365843323X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Laura Zapfe’s aim is to explain how education system and school characteristics affect the gender gap in mathematics and reading competencies. She adapts the macro-meso-micro model. At the micro level, she uses theories, e.g., gender-specific socialization, highlighting how gender-specific expectations and stereotypes cause gendered interest and skills and therefore gender differences in mathematics and reading. Deriving a macro-meso-micro link, she explains how education system characteristics such as competition, differentiation, and standardization, and school characteristics could increase or decrease the gender-specific socialization effects, leading to larger or smaller gender gaps in mathematics and reading competencies. On this basis, she performs a cross-national comparison of 78 countries participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018, combined with further researched macro data with three-level mixed-effects models. The results show that boys have an advantage in mathematics, girls have an advantage in reading, the gender effects are slightly higher for reading, and the gender effects at the school level are more pronounced than those at the country level.
Author: Laura Zapfe
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 365843323X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Get Book
Book Description
Laura Zapfe’s aim is to explain how education system and school characteristics affect the gender gap in mathematics and reading competencies. She adapts the macro-meso-micro model. At the micro level, she uses theories, e.g., gender-specific socialization, highlighting how gender-specific expectations and stereotypes cause gendered interest and skills and therefore gender differences in mathematics and reading. Deriving a macro-meso-micro link, she explains how education system characteristics such as competition, differentiation, and standardization, and school characteristics could increase or decrease the gender-specific socialization effects, leading to larger or smaller gender gaps in mathematics and reading competencies. On this basis, she performs a cross-national comparison of 78 countries participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018, combined with further researched macro data with three-level mixed-effects models. The results show that boys have an advantage in mathematics, girls have an advantage in reading, the gender effects are slightly higher for reading, and the gender effects at the school level are more pronounced than those at the country level.
Author: Hadjar, Andreas
Publisher: Policy Press
ISBN: 1447326113
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
How do education systems shape educational inequalities and differences in educational outcomes? And how do advantages and disadvantages in educational attainment translate into privileges and shortcomings in labour market and general life chances? Education systems and inequalities compares different education systems and their impact on creating and sustaining social inequalities. The book considers key questions such as how education systems impact educational inequalities along such variables as social origin, gender, ethnicity, migration background or ability and what social mechanisms are behind the links between education system and educational inequalities and provides vital evidence to inform debates in policy and reform.
Author: Thomas A. DiPrete
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610448006
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
While powerful gender inequalities remain in American society, women have made substantial gains and now largely surpass men in one crucial arena: education. Women now outperform men academically at all levels of school, and are more likely to obtain college degrees and enroll in graduate school. What accounts for this enormous reversal in the gender education gap? In The Rise of Women: The Growing Gender Gap in Education and What It Means for American Schools, Thomas DiPrete and Claudia Buchmann provide a detailed and accessible account of women’s educational advantage and suggest new strategies to improve schooling outcomes for both boys and girls. The Rise of Women opens with a masterful overview of the broader societal changes that accompanied the change in gender trends in higher education. The rise of egalitarian gender norms and a growing demand for college-educated workers allowed more women to enroll in colleges and universities nationwide. As this shift occurred, women quickly reversed the historical male advantage in education. By 2010, young women in their mid-twenties surpassed their male counterparts in earning college degrees by more than eight percentage points. The authors, however, reveal an important exception: While women have achieved parity in fields such as medicine and the law, they lag far behind men in engineering and physical science degrees. To explain these trends, The Rise of Women charts the performance of boys and girls over the course of their schooling. At each stage in the education process, they consider the gender-specific impact of factors such as families, schools, peers, race and class. Important differences emerge as early as kindergarten, where girls show higher levels of essential learning skills such as persistence and self-control. Girls also derive more intrinsic gratification from performing well on a day-to-day basis, a crucial advantage in the learning process. By contrast, boys must often navigate a conflict between their emerging masculine identity and a strong attachment to school. Families and peers play a crucial role at this juncture. The authors show the gender gap in educational attainment between children in the same families tends to be lower when the father is present and more highly educated. A strong academic climate, both among friends and at home, also tends to erode stereotypes that disconnect academic prowess and a healthy, masculine identity. Similarly, high schools with strong science curricula reduce the power of gender stereotypes concerning science and technology and encourage girls to major in scientific fields. As the value of a highly skilled workforce continues to grow, The Rise of Women argues that understanding the source and extent of the gender gap in higher education is essential to improving our schools and the economy. With its rigorous data and clear recommendations, this volume illuminates new ground for future education policies and research.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264229949
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
This fascinating compilation of the recent data on gender differences in education presents a wealth of data, analysed from a multitude of angles in a clear and lively way.
Author: Brian Aaron Jacob
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognitive learning
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
Nearly 60 percent of college students today are women. Using longitudinal data on a nationally representative cohort of eighth grade students in 1988, I examine two potential explanations for the differential attendance rates of men and women -- returns to schooling and non-cognitive skills. The attendance gap is roughly five percentage points for all high school graduates. Conditional on attendance, however, there are few differences in type of college, enrollment status or selectivity of institution. The majority of the attendance gap can be explained by differences in the characteristics of men and women, despite some gender differences in the determinants of college attendance. I find that higher non-cognitive skills and college premiums among women account for nearly 90 percent of the gender gap in higher education. Interestingly, non-cognitive factors continue to influence college enrollment after controlling for high school achievement
Author: Sabine Weinert
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303127007X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
This Open Access book presents the results of an interdisciplinary research program to utilize data from the multicohort German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), which included over 100.000 participants in six nationally representative panel studies. Renowned researchers from the fields of sociology, psychology, educational science, economics, and survey methodology have used the (longitudinal) data for their substantive and/or methodological questions and present important results of their research projects. This edited volume contains contributions from the following four topics: (1) Competence Development: Individual Characteristics, Learning Environments, and other Contextual Factors, (2) Educational Transitions and Pathways: Influencing Factors and Outcomes, (3) Vocational Training and Labour Market, and (4) Individuals with Migration Background. It provides essential insights for researchers, postdocs, PhD students, and university students of different scientific disciplines interested in educational sciences as well as for policy makers who have to deal with educational problems in modern societies.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9789264130845
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Across OECD countries, almost one in every five students does not reach a basic minimum level of skills. This book presents a series of policy recommendations for education systems to help all children succeed.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264081925
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Presents the findings of Canada's Youth in Transition Survey, which complements OECD's PISA survey and offers significant new policy insights in understanding students’ choices at different ages and the impact of these decisions on consequent education and labour market outcomes.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821361708
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Annotation The report articulates the key issues facing secondary education and presents a policy framework for decision makers in developing countries to transform their secondary education systems so as to meet the twin challenges of 'expanding access' and 'improving quality and relevance'.
Author: Andreas Hadjar
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317224078
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Gender inequalities in education – in terms of systematic variations in access to educational institutions, in competencies, school marks, and educational certificates along the axis of gender – have tremendously changed over the course of the 20th century. Although this does not apply to all stages and areas of the educational career, it is particularly obvious looking at upper secondary education. Before the major boost of educational expansion in the 1960s, women’s participation in upper secondary general education, and their chances to successfully finish this educational pathway, have been lower than men’s. However, towards the end of the 20th century, women were outperforming men in many European countries and beyond. The international contributions to this book attempt to shed light on the mechanisms behind gender inequalities and the changes made to reduce this inequality. Topics explored by the contributors include gender in science education in the UK; women’s education in Luxembourg in the 19th and 20th century; the ‘gender gap’ debates and their rhetoric in the UK and Finland; sociological perspectives on the gender-equality discourse in Finland; changing gender differences in West Germany in the 20th century; the interplay of subjective well-being and educational attainment in Switzerland; and a psychological perspective on gender identities, gender-related perceptions, students’ motivation, intelligence, personality, and the interaction between student and teacher gender. This book was originally published as a special issue of Educational Research.
